Design requirements change and cost impact analysis in airplane structures

Product family (PF) design is a widely used strategy in the industry, as it allows meeting diverse design requirements. Change propagation in any PF is difficult to predict. Consequently, while numerous design change management methodologies presently exist, their application is restricted to a single artifact. This issue is overcome in the present study. The proposed framework explores effective change propagation paths (CPPs) by considering the risks associated with design changes in the PF with the aim of minimizing the overall redesign cost. The propagated risk, which would result in rework, is quantified in terms of change impact and propagation likelihood. Moreover, a design structure matrix (DSM) based mathematical model and an algorithm for its implementation are proposed to investigate the change propagation across the PF. Finally, to demonstrate their effectiveness, a PF of electric kettles is examined in a case study. The study findings confirm that the proposed technique is appropriate for evaluating different CPPs in PF.

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Clinical and Cost Impact Analysis of a Novel Prognostic Test for Early Detection of Preterm Birth

American Journal of Perinatology Reports ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1593866 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

pp. e407-e416 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Zupancic ◽

James Greenberg ◽

Susan Garfield ◽

Stephen Thung ◽

Jay Iams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Early Detection ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Prognostic Test ◽

Cost Impact

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Quantifying costs of the productivity loss due to schedule changes in construction projects

Engineering Construction & Architectural Management ◽

10.1108/ecam-07-2021-0571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jae-Seob Lee

Keyword(s):

Construction Projects ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Productivity Loss ◽

Content Type ◽

Cost Impact ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Lost Productivity ◽

Change Order ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to develop a method to integrate the schedule-based analysis with a productivity-based analysis to prove and support the result of the damages calculation.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a “cost and schedule impact integration” (CSI2) model is proposed to objectively show and estimate lost productivity due to changes in construction projects.FindingsA schedule-based analysis to include separate tracking of change order costs can be used to predict productivity due to the delay and disruption; changes in construction projects almost always result in delay and disruption. However, the schedule-based analysis needs to be integrated with a productivity-based analysis to prove and support the result of the damages calculation.Practical implicationsThe results of this study expand upon construction practices for proving and quantifying lost productivity due to changes in construction projects.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper is summarized as the introduction of a “schedule impact analysis” into a “cost impact analysis” technique to assess the damages, as well as to demonstrate the labor productivity impact due to delay and disruption in construction projects.

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PCV41 - COST IMPACT ANALYSIS OF USING IMPROVE® TOOL FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM RISK ASSESSMENT IN MEDICAL PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE UK NHS HOSPITALS TO INFORM NICE CLINICAL GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATION

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2018.09.588 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. S99

Author(s):

I. Mather ◽

D. Dawoud ◽

I. Donald ◽

D. Chandra ◽

C. Sharpin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Clinical Guideline ◽

Guideline Recommendation ◽

Medical Patients ◽

Cost Impact ◽

The Uk ◽

Nice Clinical Guideline

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The economics of altruistic punishment and the maintenance of cooperation

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2007.1558 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 275 (1637) ◽

pp. 871-878 ◽

Cited By ~ 255

Author(s):

Martijn Egas ◽

Arno Riedl

Keyword(s):

Impact Analysis ◽

Low Cost ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Altruistic Punishment ◽

Cost Impact ◽

The Social ◽

Subject Pool ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

Cognitive Cost

Explaining the evolution and maintenance of cooperation among unrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in biology and the social sciences. Recent findings suggest that altruistic punishment is an important mechanism maintaining cooperation among humans. We experimentally explore the boundaries of altruistic punishment to maintain cooperation by varying both the cost and the impact of punishment, using an exceptionally extensive subject pool. Our results show that cooperation is only maintained if conditions for altruistic punishment are relatively favourable: low cost for the punisher and high impact on the punished. Our results indicate that punishment is strongly governed by its cost-to-impact ratio and that its effect on cooperation can be pinned down to one single variable: the threshold level of free-riding that goes unpunished. Additionally, actual pay-offs are the lowest when altruistic punishment maintains cooperation, because the pay-off destroyed through punishment exceeds the gains from increased cooperation. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that punishment decisions come from an amalgam of emotional response and cognitive cost–impact analysis and suggest that altruistic punishment alone can hardly maintain cooperation under multi-level natural selection. Uncovering the workings of altruistic punishment as has been done here is important because it helps predicting under which conditions altruistic punishment is expected to maintain cooperation.

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