Evolution of gas and shale oil during oil shale kerogen pyrolysis based on structural characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong You ◽  
Xiangxin Han ◽  
Xiaoye Wang ◽  
Xiumin Jiang
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal Raja ◽  
Yongsheng Zhao ◽  
Xiangping Zhang ◽  
Chunshan Li ◽  
Suojiang Zhang

AbstractOil shale is one of the largest, relatively undeveloped natural fossil fuel resources in the world and so an important potential source of energy. The organic matter of oil shale is present as a complex combination of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen named kerogen. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy affords the opportunity to chemically characterize the main structural skeleton in this kerogen and is a favorable method to study the structural characteristics of kerogen at a molecular level. The thermal degradation of oil shale kerogen is a complex chemical process, accompanied by the wide variety of products obtained, which poses difficulties in the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of pyrolysis. Understanding the kinetics of kerogen decomposition to oil is critical to design a viable retorting process. Comprehensive kinetic data are also essential for accurate mathematical modeling of various oil shale processes. Classic graphical methods cannot unambiguously measure and estimate kinetic parameters due to the mathematical complexity. Advanced isoconversion methods would be appropriate for the calculation of the distribution of activation energies for multiple reactions involved in the decomposition of complex material such as kerogen to products. The range of variability in the principal activation energy is from about 200 to 242 kJ mol


1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Crabtree
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Yucui Hou ◽  
Weize Wu ◽  
Yupeng Wang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
...  

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Bae

Abstract A series of batch-type retorting experiments 930 degrees F were performed to investigate the effect of pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the retorting of oil shale. The experimental pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. The sweeping gases used were N2, COe, H2O, NH3 and H2. We found that high pressure reduces the oil yield significantly and produces a larger volume of light hydrocarbon gases. The crude shale oil obtained at high pressure has higher aromaticity and a lower pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur and nitrogen content in shale oil does not change significantly with increasing pressure. The effect of sweeping gas is usually small. In general, gases which decompose to yield H2 increase the oil yield at high pressure. At atmospheric pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, more than 100 percent of the Fischer Assay, reported on "hydrotorting" experiments was not observed in this work. Introduction The in-situ retorting of oil shale has attracted much interest because it obviates the troublesome problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and handling a large quantity of oil shale. The cost of these operations in the surface retorting process amounts to more than half the total production cost of shale oil. From an economic point of view, the recovery of shale oil by in-situ methods is highly desirable At present in--situ retorting is accomplished by combustion or hot gas injection, following conventional hydraulic fracturing. Explosive fracturing also has been studied. While these methods of fracturing are promising, there is still much uncertainty associated with them. On the other hand, even if an adequate mass permeability could be created, the high pressures encountered at depths of several thousand feet where oil shale commonly existwould certainly affect the thermal decomposition of oil shale. Thomas has experimentally simulated the effects of overburden pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of oil shale during underground retorting. Allred and Nielson studied the effect of pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and quality of oil produced. These results are fragmentary and are applicable only to reverse combustion. Grant reported an oil yield of 35 to 40 percent of the Fischer Assay was obtained in a laboratory forward combustion experiment at 500 psig. We decided to investigate the effect of pressure on oil shale retorting because so little information was available on subjects. We sought to determine me effects of fluid pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the quantity and quality of products obtained from retorting oil slide. Results of a series of batch-type retorting experiments are reported. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT A schematic drawing of the retorting and product-collecting system is shown in Fig. 1. The pump product-collecting system is shown in Fig. 1. The pump delivers the sweeping gas at a constant rate to the retorting unit, which is maintained at the experimental pressure. The gas purged from the unit passes through pressure. The gas purged from the unit passes through a glass adapter to a centrifuge tube that is cooled by an ice-salt mixture. The gases are cooled further in the condenser that is kept at 32 degrees F and then sampled, measured through a wet-test meter, and vented. The retorting unit is an Autoclave single-ended reactor of 2–3/16-in. ID and 8–1/4-in. inside depth, rated 3,000 psi at 1000 degree F. SPEJ P. 287


2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Ze Wang ◽  
Jingdong He ◽  
Ermei Liu ◽  
Wenli Song ◽  
...  

Oil Shale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
H QIN ◽  
J MA ◽  
W QING ◽  
H LIU ◽  
M CHI ◽  
...  

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