Oil Shale And Shale Oil

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil

scholarly journals Manual of testing methods for oil shale and shale oil

1927 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
Lewis C. Karrick
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Testing Methods

Shale Oil from Oil Shale

2007 ◽  
pp. 239-312
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil

Shale Oil, Shale Gas, and Hydraulic Fracturing

2019 ◽  
pp. 357-389
Author(s):  
Bernt S. Aadnøy ◽  
Reza Looyeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil

Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Bae
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Sweeping Gas ◽  
Experimental Pressure

Abstract A series of batch-type retorting experiments 930 degrees F were performed to investigate the effect of pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the retorting of oil shale. The experimental pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. The sweeping gases used were N2, COe, H2O, NH3 and H2. We found that high pressure reduces the oil yield significantly and produces a larger volume of light hydrocarbon gases. The crude shale oil obtained at high pressure has higher aromaticity and a lower pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur and nitrogen content in shale oil does not change significantly with increasing pressure. The effect of sweeping gas is usually small. In general, gases which decompose to yield H2 increase the oil yield at high pressure. At atmospheric pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, more than 100 percent of the Fischer Assay, reported on "hydrotorting" experiments was not observed in this work. Introduction The in-situ retorting of oil shale has attracted much interest because it obviates the troublesome problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and handling a large quantity of oil shale. The cost of these operations in the surface retorting process amounts to more than half the total production cost of shale oil. From an economic point of view, the recovery of shale oil by in-situ methods is highly desirable At present in--situ retorting is accomplished by combustion or hot gas injection, following conventional hydraulic fracturing. Explosive fracturing also has been studied. While these methods of fracturing are promising, there is still much uncertainty associated with them. On the other hand, even if an adequate mass permeability could be created, the high pressures encountered at depths of several thousand feet where oil shale commonly existwould certainly affect the thermal decomposition of oil shale. Thomas has experimentally simulated the effects of overburden pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of oil shale during underground retorting. Allred and Nielson studied the effect of pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and quality of oil produced. These results are fragmentary and are applicable only to reverse combustion. Grant reported an oil yield of 35 to 40 percent of the Fischer Assay was obtained in a laboratory forward combustion experiment at 500 psig. We decided to investigate the effect of pressure on oil shale retorting because so little information was available on subjects. We sought to determine me effects of fluid pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the quantity and quality of products obtained from retorting oil slide. Results of a series of batch-type retorting experiments are reported. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT A schematic drawing of the retorting and product-collecting system is shown in Fig. 1. The pump product-collecting system is shown in Fig. 1. The pump delivers the sweeping gas at a constant rate to the retorting unit, which is maintained at the experimental pressure. The gas purged from the unit passes through pressure. The gas purged from the unit passes through a glass adapter to a centrifuge tube that is cooled by an ice-salt mixture. The gases are cooled further in the condenser that is kept at 32 degrees F and then sampled, measured through a wet-test meter, and vented. The retorting unit is an Autoclave single-ended reactor of 2–3/16-in. ID and 8–1/4-in. inside depth, rated 3,000 psi at 1000 degree F. SPEJ P. 287

Staged condensation of oil shale pyrolysis volatiles for preliminary dedust and fractionation of shale oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Ze Wang ◽  
Jingdong He ◽  
Ermei Liu ◽  
Wenli Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Oil Shale Pyrolysis

SHALE OIL RECOVERY FROM OIL SHALE SLUDGE USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND SURFACTANT WASHING

Oil Shale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
H QIN ◽  
J MA ◽  
W QING ◽  
H LIU ◽  
M CHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil

scholarly journals Effect of Shale Ash-Based Catalyst on the Pyrolysis of Fushun Oil Shale

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Hao Lu ◽  
Fengrui Jia ◽  
Chuang Guo ◽  
Haodan Pan ◽  
Xu Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Transition Metal Salt ◽  
Transition Metal Salts ◽  
Shale Ash

The effect of shale ash (SA)-based catalysts (SA as carriers to support several transition metal salts, such as ZnCl2, NiCl2·6H2O, and CuCl2·2H2O) on oil shale (OS) pyrolysis was studied. Results showed that SA promoted OS pyrolysis, and the optimum weight ratio of OS:SA was found to be 2:1. The SA-supported transition metal salt catalyst promoted the OS pyrolysis, and the catalytic effect increased with increasing load of the transition metal salt within 0.1–3.0 wt%. The transition metal salts loaded on the SA not only promoted OS pyrolysis and reduced the activation energy required but also changed the yield of pyrolysis products (reduced shale oil and semi-coke yields and increased gas and loss yield). SA-supported 3 wt% CuCl2·2H2O catalyst not only exhibited the highest ability to reduce the activation energy in OS pyrolysis (32.84 kJ/mol) but also improved the gas and loss yield, which was 4.4% higher than the uncatalyzed reaction. The supporting transition metal salts on the SA also increased the content of short-chain hydrocarbons in aliphatic hydrocarbons in shale oil and catalyzed the aromatization of aliphatic hydrocarbons to form aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalytic activity of the transition metal salt on the SA-based catalyst for OS pyrolysis decreased in the order of CuCl2·2H2O > NiCl2·6H2O > ZnCl2.

Secondary Cracking and Upgrading of Shale Oil from Pyrolyzing Oil Shale over Shale Ash

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2219-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengguo Lai ◽  
Zhaohui Chen ◽  
Lanxin Lin ◽  
Yuming Zhang ◽  
Shiqiu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Shale Ash ◽  
Secondary Cracking

Studies of the effect of retorting factors on the yield of shale oil for a new comprehensive utilization technology of oil shale

2009 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 2381-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.X. Han ◽  
X.M. Jiang ◽  
Z.G. Cui
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization

Approaches to the Determination of Oil Content in Oil Shale

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
Zhi Yang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Fuel Resource ◽  
The Impact

Oil and gas are important energy minerals and strategic resources. Moreover, as their substitute, oil shale is the non-renewable fossil fuel resource. In this paper, regarding the oil shale of Huadian in Jilin Province as raw material, we made a research on the approaches to extracting shale oil from oil shale as well as an experimental determination on the impact of heating temperature, shale grain size and holding time.

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