The MERMOSE project: Characterization of particulate matter emissions of a commercial aircraft engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Delhaye ◽  
François-Xavier Ouf ◽  
Daniel Ferry ◽  
Ismael K. Ortega ◽  
Olivier Penanhoat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

scholarly journals Mode-specific, semi-volatile chemical composition of particulate matter emissions from a commercial gas turbine aircraft engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 116974
Author(s):  
Zhenhong Yu ◽  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
Richard, C. Miake-Lye ◽  
Andreas J. Beyersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

scholarly journals Post-Combustion Evolution of Soot Properties in an Aircraft Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre M. Dakhel ◽  
Stephen P. Lukachko ◽  
Ian A. Waitz ◽  
Richard C. Miake-Lye ◽  
Robert C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Microphysical Processes

Recent measurements have suggested that soot properties can evolve downstream of the combustor, changing the characteristics of aviation particulate matter (PM) emissions and possibly altering the subsequent atmospheric impacts. This paper addresses the potential for the post-combustion thermodynamic environment to influence aircraft non-volatile PM emissions. Microphysical processes and interactions with gas phase species have been modeled for temperatures and pressures representative of in-service engines. Time-scale arguments are used to evaluate the relative contributions that various phenomena may make to the evolution of soot, including coagulation growth, ion-soot attachment, and vapor condensation. Then a higher-fidelity microphysics kinetic is employed to estimate the extent to which soot properties evolve as a result of these processes. Results suggest that limited opportunities exist for the modification of the size distribution of the soot, its charge distribution, or its volatile content, leading to the conclusion that the characteristics of the turbine and nozzle of an aircraft engine have little or no influence on aircraft non-volatile emissions. Combustor processing determines the properties of soot particulate matter emissions from aircraft engines, setting the stage for interactions with gaseous emissions and development as cloud condensation nuclei in the exhaust plume.

Characterization of Emissions From the Use of Alternative Aviation Fuels

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
David Buote ◽  
Craig R. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semisynthetic 50–50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Peck ◽  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
Zhenhong Yu ◽  
Hsi-Wu Wong ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Volatile Precursors ◽  
The Impact

Aircraft exhaust contains nonvolatile (soot) particulate matter (PM), trace gas pollutants, and volatile PM precursor material. Nonvolatile soot particles are predominantly present at the engine exit plane, but volatile PM precursors form new particles or add mass to the existing ones as the exhaust is diluted and cooled. Accurately characterizing the volatile PM mass, number, and size distribution is challenging due to this evolving nature and the impact of local ambient conditions on the gas-to-particle conversion processes. To accurately and consistently measure the aircraft PM emissions, a dilution and aging sampling system that can condense volatile precursors to particle phase to simulate atmospheric evolution of aircraft engine exhaust has been developed. In this paper, field demonstration of its operation is described. The dilution/aging probe system was tested using both a combustor rig and on-wing CFM56-7 engines. During the combustor rig testing at NASA Glenn Research Center, the dilution/aging probe supported formation of both nucleation/growth mode particles and soot coatings. The results showed that by increasing residence time, the nucleation particles become larger in size, increase in total mass, and decrease in number. During the on-wing CFM56-7 engine testing at Chicago Midway Airport, the dilution/aging probe was able to form soot coatings as well as nucleation mode particles, unlike conventional 1-m probe engine measurements. The number concentration of nucleation particles depended on sample fraction and relative humidity of the dilution air. The performance of the instrument is analyzed and explained using computational microphysics simulations.

Commercial Aircraft Engine Emissions Characterization of in-Use Aircraft at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1877-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
John T. Jayne ◽  
Prem Lobo ◽  
Timothy B. Onasch ◽  
Gregg Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
International Airport

Identification of Lubrication Oil in the Particulate Matter Emissions from Engine Exhaust of In-Service Commercial Aircraft

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 9630-9637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhong Yu ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
Luke D. Ziemba ◽  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
David S. Liscinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Lubrication Oil ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Characterization of Emissions From the Use of Alternative Aviation Fuels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
David Buote ◽  
Craig R. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semi-synthetic 50-50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Peck ◽  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
Zhenhong Yu ◽  
Hsi-Wu Wong ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Volatile Precursors ◽  
The Impact

Aircraft exhaust contains nonvolatile (soot) particulate matter (PM), trace gas pollutants, and volatile PM precursor material. Nonvolatile soot particles are predominantly present at the engine exit plane, but volatile PM precursors form new particles or add mass to the existing ones as the exhaust is diluted and cooled. Accurately characterizing the volatile PM mass, number, and size distribution is challenging due to this evolving nature and the impact of local ambient conditions on the gas-to-particle conversion processes. To accurately and consistently measure the aircraft PM emissions, a dilution and aging sampling system that can condense volatile precursors to particle phase to simulate the atmospheric evolution of aircraft engine exhaust has been developed. In this paper, a field demonstration of its operation is described. The dilution/aging probe system was tested using both a combustor rig and on-wing CFM56-7 engines. During the combustor rig testing at NASA Glenn Research Center, the dilution/aging probe supported formation of both nucleation/growth mode particles and soot coatings. The results showed that by increasing residence time, the nucleation particles become larger in size, increase in total mass, and decrease in number. During the on-wing CFM56-7 engine testing at Chicago Midway Airport, the dilution/aging probe was able to form soot coatings along with nucleation mode particles, unlike conventional 1-m probe engine measurements. The number concentration of nucleation particles depended on the sample fraction and relative humidity of the dilution air. The performance of the instrument is analyzed and explained using computational microphysics simulations.

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