Characterization of Condensable Particulate Matter Emissions in Agricultural Diesel Engines Using a Dilution-Based Sampling Train

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semisynthetic 50–50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

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Characterization of Emissions From the Use of Alternative Aviation Fuels

Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions ◽

10.1115/gt2015-42122 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tak W. Chan ◽

Wajid A. Chishty ◽

Pervez Canteenwalla ◽

David Buote ◽

Craig R. Davison

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Fischer Tropsch ◽

Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semi-synthetic 50-50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

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Inadequacy of Optical Smoke Measurements for Characterization of Non–Light Absorbing Particulate Matter Emissions from Gas Turbine Engines

Combustion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/00102202.2012.697499 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 184 (12) ◽

pp. 2068-2083 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

L. Rye ◽

P. Lobo ◽

P. I. Williams ◽

I. Uryga-Bugajska ◽

S. Christie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Turbine Engines ◽

Gas Turbine Engines ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions

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Characterization of the composition and toxicity of particulate matter emissions from advanced heavy-duty natural gas engines

10.33915/etd.542 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Arvind Thiruvengadam Padmavathy

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Natural Gas Engines ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions

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Increase of High-Speed Qualities And Economic Efficiency of Use Systems of Ecological Diagnostics Diesel Engines-Microtunnels

Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University series "Ecology" ◽

10.26565/1992-4259-2018-18-11 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

High Speed ◽

Power Plants ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Environmental Testing ◽

Exhaust Gases ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

Analysis And Synthesis

Purpose. Reducing the duration and cost of procedures for environmental diagnostics of diesel power plants by increasing the speed of measurements of normalizedРM index – average operating emissions of particulate matters with exhaust gases of diesel engines. Methods. Analysis and synthesis of information, mathematical modeling, experimental studies, calculation experiment. Results.In accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 8178, a method of accelerated measurement (МАМ) of the PMindex is proposed, which is characterized by the maximum allowable sample filtration rate and the minimum allowable masses of particulate matter in the filters, the use of which can significantly improve the economic efficiency of applying microtunnels: with single- and multi-filter sampling methods - in 3,1 ... 4,1 times and in 5,3 ... 7,1 times, respectively. Conclusions. Compared to the most common methods of control of particulate matter emissions that are realized in mini and microtunnels of Perkins, AVL, Mitsubishicompanies, they are characterized by higher speed and economic efficiency of use - indicators that are of great importance in testing high-power diesel engines –locomotive diesel, ships and others. It is substantiated that the use of МАМ allows to shorten the duration and cost of environmental testing of mainline diesel engines - 2TE116 and shunting - TEM-2 locomotives: certification tests - by 9 ... 28%, which is 0.2 ... 0.7 h and 0, 8 ... 1,5 thousand UAH; research tests - 43 ... 53%, which is 1.7 ... 3.0 h and 4.0 ... 7.5 thousand UAH. With the reduction of the actual emission levels of particulate matter with the exhaust gases of the diesel engine, the efficiency of the use of МАМ increases.

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