Ancient Maya wood selection and forest exploitation: a view from the Paynes Creek salt works, Belize

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 3584-3595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Robinson ◽  
Heather I. McKillop
Author(s):  
Heather Mckillop

The sea was important to the ancient Maya as a source of ritual and subsistence resources as well as for canoe travel and long distance trade, particularly evidenced in durable goods such as obsidian. This chapter compares the trading system on Chetumal Bay to a similar coastal Maya landscape in the Port Honduras region of southern Belize and its trading port at Wild Cane Cay. The author notes that trading networks reacted to change in market demand for specific kinds of goods, exhibited at coastal sites such as Moho Key on the coast of central Belize. Although Chetumal Bay saw a much longer run as a trading system, the Port Honduras region thrived in the Classic era based in part on a prolific coastal–inland trade in salt. Excavations at the Paynes Creek salt works, for example, revealed a large quantity of salt evaporating vessels (briquetage) essential to producing this mineral necessity. With the Terminal Classic collapse of most inland cities, the southern Belize salt trade declined and populations diminished.


2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius D. Nugroho

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="Style2" style="text-indent: 0cm;">Matoa (<em>Pometia pinnata</em>) is a local fruit of<span>&nbsp; </span>Papua (formerly called Irian Jaya) which has high potensial to develop as comercial fruit. Highly significant genetic resources of matoa potentially for breeding program in Papua are being threatened as a result of cutting down trees for fruit harvesting and of forest exploitation for timber. Besides the loss of genetic resources facing now, other major problems should be consider for conservation and domestication of this fruit tree species i.e. lack of silviculture and agronomy knowledge for further breeding programs; matoa production only for local market; and inadequate government policy for matoa breeding program. Strategy developed for matoa conservation and domestication should also concern about time limited due to the fast loss of genetic poll. This paper provides a general overview of strategy for conservation and domestication of <em>Pometia pinnata</em> with special reference to Papua.</p>


2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Willi Zimmermann

Annual review of forest policy 2013 At the federal level, forest policy in 2013 was marked by a high number of implementation tasks on the one hand, and by the preparation of a renewed revision of the Forest Law on the other hand. The latter involved not only formal changes to individual legal articles, but also new regulations to protect against dangerous and harmful organisms, about the advancement of timber production and climate change adaptation. The traditional implementation tasks in 2013 included the approval of the budget, the controlling of different program agreements, the processing of parliamentary interventions as well as providing diverse documents. Particularly noteworthy this past year was a Federal Court decision, which, in contradiction to the cantonal lower court, classified test-drilling in a forest as a disadvantageous non-forest exploitation that requires authorization. At the international level, the adoption of a European Forest Convention was hindered primarily because the decision about the location of the secretariat stalled. In terms of forest-relevant policies, particularly spatial planning and energy policy can be expected to have noticeable effects on forests.


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