BRIQUETAGE AND BRINE: LIVING AND WORKING AT THE CLASSIC MAYA SALT WORKS OF EK WAY NAL, BELIZE

Systematic flotation survey and spatial analysis of artifacts at the submerged salt work of Ek Way Nal reveal evidence of a residence, salt kitchens, and additional activities. Ek Way Nal is one of 110 salt works associated with a Late to Terminal Classic (A.D. 600–900) salt industry known as the Paynes Creek Salt Works. Wooden posts that form the walls of 10 buildings are remarkably preserved in a peat bog below the sea floor providing an opportunity to examine surface artifacts in relation to buildings. Numerous salt kitchens have been located at the Paynes Creek Salt Works by evidence of abundant briquetage—pottery associated with boiling brine over fires to make salt. As one of the largest salt works with 10 buildings, there is an opportunity to examine variability in building use. Systematic flotation survey over the site and flagging and mapping individual artifacts and posts provide evidence that the Ek Way Nal salt makers had a residence near the salt kitchens, along with evidence of salting fish for subsistence or surplus household production. The results are compared with ethnographic evidence from Sacapulas and other salt works.

Las salinas, algunos retos como paisaje cultural = Saltworks, some challenges as a cultural landscape

RESUMEN:Este texto se divide en dos partes. En la primera se muestra como aparece y evoluciona el concepto de patrimonio hasta la aparición de los paisajes culturales. En la segunda se defiende que las salinas constituyen un paisaje cultural singular, se analizan alguna de sus características y riesgos a que están sometidas y se apuntan algunos criterios, para afrontar su puesta envalor.ABSTRACT:This article is divided into two parts. The first shows how the concept of heritage appears and evolves until the emergence of cultural landscapes. In the second one, it is defended that the salt works constitute a unique cultural landscape. We analyse some of their characteristics and risks and point out some criteria to face their value enhancement.

Booker T. Washington

Booker T. Washington was born into slavery on a farm in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. The son of an enslaved woman named Jane, Washington did not know his father, who was probably white. After emancipation, Jane moved with her children to Malden, West Virginia, where her husband, Washington’s stepfather, was employed in the salt works. As a child, Washington worked in the salt furnaces and the coal mines. In 1872, he entered Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute and later matriculated at Wayland Seminary. Washington became the founding leader of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881....

The Tax Farm for the Salt-Works and Port Customs of Ottoman Cyprus (1570–95)

Focusing on the revenue and expenditure records of the treasury of Ottoman Cyprus during the last decades of the sixteenth century, this article examines the tax farm of the salt-works and port customs created by the Ottomans during the first quarter century of their rule on the island. In doing so it seeks to underline the importance of the Cyprus budget records (ruznamçe) for understanding the financial system that the Ottomans introduced to the island and to determine the revenue derived from these tax farms.