Effects of Footwear Cushioning on Leg and Longitudinal Arch Stiffness during Running

Background: There are numerous studies assessing the morphological structure of the foot, but there is a notable scarcity of those focused on juxtaposing various longitudinal arch indices with foot loading paradigm. The present study aimed to determine the overall reliability, diagnostic accuracy of respective variables, and their correlation with the foot loading paradigm. Methods: The study group consisted of 336 children, aged 10–15 years (girls 49.1% and boys 50.9%). The morphological structure of the plantar part of the foot in static conditions was assessed with the aid of a 2D podoscan. Individual foot loading paradigm in static conditions was assessed making use of the FreeMed platform. Results: Staheli (SI), Chippaux–Smirak (CSI), and Sztriter–Godunow (KY) indices were strongly correlated with each other (ρ > 0.84, p < 0.001). Own research corroborated an increased pressure of hollow feet, as assessed by the SI, CSI, and KY indices, on the forefoot and the hindfoot, foot zones B, E, F; these correlations being statistically significant. The results yielded by the present study also indicate an increased pressure on the metatarsal, and foot zones C, D of the flat feet. Conclusions: Flatfootedness is not believed to be a common deformity among children and adolescents. The SI, CSI, and KY indices were found to be strongly correlated, as well as proved reliable in assessing the foot’s longitudinal arch.

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Is subtalar extra articular screw arthroereisis (SESA) reducing pain and restoring medial longitudinal arch in children with flexible flat foot?

Journal of Orthopaedics ◽

10.1016/j.jor.2020.01.038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 147-153

Author(s):

Mohammed Elmarghany ◽

Tarek M. Abd El-Ghaffar ◽

Ahmed Elgeushy ◽

Ehab Elzahed ◽

Yehia Hasanin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Flat Foot ◽

Longitudinal Arch

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Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points and Diagnostic Criteria of Different Muscles in Function of the Medial Longitudinal Arch

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 1123-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Juan C. Zuil-Escobar ◽

Carmen B. Martínez-Cepa ◽

Jose A. Martín-Urrialde ◽

Antonia Gómez-Conesa

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Trigger Points ◽

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Myofascial Trigger Points ◽

Longitudinal Arch

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Windlass Mechanism in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Peripheral Neuropathy, and Low Medial Longitudinal Arch Height

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100714538416 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 816-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Judith R. Gelber ◽

David R. Sinacore ◽

Michael J. Strube ◽

Michael J. Mueller ◽

Jeffrey E. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Arch Height ◽

Longitudinal Arch

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Relationships between different evaluation techniques in lower medial longitudinal arch subjects

Manual Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.math.2016.05.251 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. e133

Author(s):

A. Gomez-Conesa ◽

J.C. Zuil-Escobar ◽

C. Martínez-Cepa ◽

J.A. Martín-Urrialde

Keyword(s):

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Evaluation Techniques

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Medium-term Results of Body Balance Trainings in Primary School-Aged Children with Generalized Joint Hypermobility and Symptomatic Mobile Flat Foot: Cohort Study

Педиатрическая фармакология ◽

10.15690/pf.v18i5.2326 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 373-384

Author(s):

Alena Yu. Dimitrieva ◽

Vladimir M. Kenis

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Balance Training ◽

Joint Hypermobility ◽

Control Group ◽

Flat Foot ◽

Body Balance ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Generalized Joint Hypermobility ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Unstable Platform

Background. Mobile flat foot etiology and its correlations with postural imbalance remain topical issues for now, especially in children with generalized joint hypermobility. Additionally, it is poorly known that complaints prevail in children with mobile flat foot and joint hypermobility, and whether existing complaints are associated with foot deformation.Objective. The aim of the study is to estimate medium-term effects of body balance trainings on the height of longitudinal arch of the foot and on the complaints structure in primary school-aged children with generalized joint hypermobility.Methods. The study included 114 primary school-aged children (7–11 years old) with mobile symptomatic flat foot who were divided into four groups: I — control group of children who did not perform training; II — children who performed standard complex of rehabilitation exercises recommended for flat foot; III — children who performed a specially designed complex of exercises for body balance training; IV — children exercised on unstable platform. The foot examination included: clinical assessment of feet shape and position (FPI-6 scale), visual and manual mobility tests, computer scanning with calculation of anthropometric indices (basic anthropometric parameters were calculated from scanned foot images). Clinical evaluation of balance was carried out according to the BESS (Balance Error Scoring System) scale and computer pedobarometry. Assessment of complaints structure was carried out according to the Oxford Child Foot Condition Questionnaire.Results. Children of control group significantly increased the number of errors in performing tests compared to the baseline data (p = 0.034) according to the BESS scale. No statistically significant changes were obtained in children of the second group (p = 0.08). Total number of errors committed by children of third and fourth groups on unstable platform decreased by 2.9 times and 3.4 times, respectively (p = 0.022 and p = 0.044). Decrease in partial load on medial longitudinal arch of foot in step cycle in average by 2.0–3.5 times compared to baseline parameters was revealed in children of third and fourth groups. Moreover, children of third and fourth groups have shown improvement in parameters regarding the shape and position of the feet by average of 1.3–1.7 times higher compared to the parameters of the feet of children performing standard complex of rehabilitation exercises (p = 0.036).Conclusion. This study has shown the efficacy of body balance training in increasing the height of longitudinal arch of the foot and good dynamics in the structure of complaints in primary school-aged children with generalized joint hypermobility and symptomatic mobile flat foot.

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COMMON ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.17.5.786 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 786-791

Author(s):

C. B. Larson

Keyword(s):

Weight Bearing ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Normal Range ◽

Spring Ligament ◽

Normal Gait ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Foot Problems ◽

Bearing Stress ◽

Shoe Soles ◽

Shape And Size

Foot Problems NORMALLY the foot functions differently in stance than it does in motion. During stance, static stresses are most important. The foot may be divided at the midtarsal joints into the hindfoot which receives 60 per cent of the weight-bearing stress and the forefoot which receives 40 per cent of the stress. The spring ligament normally transmits the stresses from hindfoot to forefoot. All degrees of foot shape and size may be natural for a particular individual. Similarly, the gait pattern of a child varies considerably within the normal range. The child should be allowed to establish his own normal gait pattern. During the toddling stages the child's shoe soles should be flexible enough to bend at the toe. One should avoid the use of rigid shoes. Some of the conditions which may alter normal stance or gait follow. Simple Foot Strain Long arch strain is due to abnormal stress on the longitudinal ligament. Inflammatory repair of the ligament produces pain which can be demonstrated by finding an area tender to palpation. Some patients have a depressed longitudinal arch or long spring ligament without foot symptoms. A diagnosis of long arch strain cannot be made unless tenderness is present. A tight heel cord may produce foot strain. The foot accommodates to a tight heel cord by pronation of the forefoot. To correct a tight heel cord, the child should stand away from the wall (while facing it) with the heels flat, then lean forward count to 3. Repeat 5 times twice daily. Pronation

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