Muscle volume vs. anatomical cross-sectional area: different muscle assessment does not affect the muscle size-strength relationship

2022 ◽  
pp. 110956
Author(s):  
Marcel B. Lanza ◽  
Hugo C. Martins-Costa ◽  
Carolina C. De Souza ◽  
Fernando V. Lima ◽  
Rodrigo C. Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strength Relationship

Adaptations in the elbow flexors of elderly males after heavy-resistance training

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Roman ◽  
J. Fleckenstein ◽  
J. Stray-Gundersen ◽  
S. E. Alway ◽  
R. Peshock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Males ◽  
Heavy Resistance Training

The structural and functional characteristics of the elbow flexors in five elderly males were studied before and after 12 wk of heavy-resistance training. Muscle volume and cross-sectional area of two of the elbow flexor (biceps brachii and brachialis) muscles were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Mean muscle fiber area, percent fiber distribution, and collagen and noncontractile tissue densities were determined on histological sections from needle biopsies. Isokinetic strength of the elbow flexors was measured at velocities between 60 and 300 degrees/s. Muscle volume and cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii and brachialis significantly increased by 13.9 and 22.6%, respectively, after the training program. A preferential hypertrophy of type II fibers (37.2%) was observed. Significant increases in peak torque were observed at all the tested velocities. The amount of work a subject could perform during a 25-repetition test at 240 degrees/s increased by 41% after training. These results demonstrate that the skeletal muscles of elderly individuals can adapt to heavy-resistance exercise and do so by increases in both muscle size and strength.

scholarly journals Muscles adaptation to aging and training: architectural changes – a randomised trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien J. Létocart ◽  
Franck Mabesoone ◽  
Fabrice Charleux ◽  
Christian Couppé ◽  
René B. Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum

Abstract Background To investigate how anatomical cross-sectional area and volume of quadriceps and triceps surae muscles were affected by ageing, and by resistance training in older and younger men, in vivo. Methods The old participants were randomly assigned to moderate (O55, n = 13) or high-load (O80, n = 14) resistance training intervention (12 weeks; 3 times/week) corresponding to 55% or 80% of one repetition maximum, respectively. Young men (Y55, n = 11) were assigned to the moderate-intensity strengthening exercise program. Each group received the exact same training volume on triceps surae and quadriceps group (Reps x Sets x Intensity). The fitting polynomial regression equations for each of anatomical cross-sectional area-muscle length curves were used to calculate muscle volume (contractile content) before and after 12 weeks using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results Only Rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius muscle showed a higher relative anatomical cross-sectional area in the young than the elderly on the proximal end. The old group displayed a higher absolute volume of non-contractile material than young men in triceps surae (+ 96%). After training, Y55, O55 and O80 showed an increase in total quadriceps (+ 4.3%; + 6.7%; 4.2% respectively) and triceps surae (+ 2.8%; + 7.5%; 4.3% respectively) volume. O55 demonstrated a greater increase on average gains compared to Y55, while no difference between O55 and O80 was observed. Conclusions Muscle loss with aging is region-specific for some muscles and uniform for others. Equivalent strength training volume at moderate or high intensities increased muscle volume with no differences in muscle volume gains for old men. These data suggest that physical exercise at moderate intensity (55 to 60% of one repetition maximum) can reverse the aging related loss of muscle mass. Trial registration NCT03079180 in ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration date: March 14, 2017.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography to measure quadriceps muscle in critically ill patients: A literature review of reported methodologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M Weinel ◽  
Matthew J Summers ◽  
Lee-Anne Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Muscle wasting in the intensive care unit (ICU) is common and may impair functional recovery. Ultrasonography (US) presents a modern solution to quantify skeletal muscle size and monitor muscle wasting. However, no standardised methodology for the conduct of ultrasound-derived quadriceps muscle layer thickness or cross-sectional area in this population exists. The aim of this study was to compare methodologies reported for the measurement of quadriceps muscle layer thickness (MLT) and cross-sectional area (CSA) using US in critically ill patients. Databases PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for original research publications that reported US-derived quadriceps MLT and/or CSA conducted in critically ill adult patients. Data were extracted from eligible studies on parameters relating to US measurement including anatomical location, patient positioning, operator technique and image analysis. It was identified that there was a clear lack of reported detail and substantial differences in the reported methodology used for all parameters. A standardised protocol and minimum reporting standards for US-derived measurement of quadriceps muscle size in ICU is required to allow for consistent measurement techniques and hence interpretation of results.

Muscle fiber number in biceps brachii in bodybuilders and control subjects

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. MacDougall ◽  
D. G. Sale ◽  
S. E. Alway ◽  
J. R. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Fiber Area ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

Muscle fiber numbers were estimated in vivo in biceps brachii in 5 elite male bodybuilders, 7 intermediate caliber bodybuilders, and 13 age-matched controls. Mean fiber area and collagen volume density were calculated from needle biopsies and muscle cross-sectional area by computerized tomographic scanning. Contralateral measurements in a subsample of seven subjects indicated the method for estimation of fiber numbers to have adequate reliability. There was a wide interindividual range for fiber numbers in biceps (172,085–418,884), but despite large differences in muscle size both bodybuilder groups possessed the same number of muscle fibers as the group of untrained controls. Although there was a high correlation between average cross-sectional fiber area and total muscle cross-sectional area within each group, many of the subjects with the largest muscles also tended to have a large number of fibers. Since there were equally well-trained subjects with fewer than normal fiber numbers, we interpret this finding to be due to genetic endowment rather than to training-induced hyperplasia. The proportion of muscle comprised of connective and other noncontractile tissue was the same for all subjects (approximately 13%), thus indicating greater absolute amounts of connective tissue in the trained subjects. We conclude that in humans, heavy resistance training directed toward achieving maximum size in skeletal muscle does not result in an increase in fiber numbers.

scholarly journals Psoas Muscle Volume as an Opportunistic Diagnostic Tool to Assess Sarcopenia in Patients with Hip Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Sang-Pil So ◽  
Bum-Sik Lee ◽  
Ji-Wan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether the psoas volume measured from a pelvic computed tomography (CT) could be a potential opportunistic diagnostic tool to measure muscle mass and sarcopenia in patients with hip fractures. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. In total; 57 consecutive patients diagnosed with hip fractures who underwent surgery were enrolled. A cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle was measured at the lumbar (L) 3 and L4 vertebrae from a pelvic CT for the diagnosis of hip fractures. The psoas muscle volume was calculated with a three-dimensional modeling software program. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and preoperative handgrip strength (HS) were measured. The correlations between the psoas muscle volume/area and ASM/HS were assessed. Data on patient demographics; postoperative complication; length of hospital stay; and Koval scores were also recorded and analyzed with respect to the psoas muscle area/volume. Results: The psoas muscle volume and adjusted values were significantly correlated with ASM; which showed a stronger correlation than the psoas muscle area did at the L3 or L4 level. HS was correlated with the psoas volume or adjusted values; but not with the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle. Among the adjusted values; the psoas muscle volume adjusted for the patient’s height (m2) showed a strongest correlation with ASM and HS. The psoas muscle volume was not significantly correlated with postoperative complications or short-term functional outcomes. Conclusions: The psoas muscle volume measured from a pelvic CT for the diagnosis of hip fractures showed a stronger correlation with ASM and HS than the cross-sectional area did. Therefore; the psoas muscle volume could be a potential diagnostic tool to assess the quantity of the skeletal muscle in patients with hip fractures without an additional examination.

scholarly journals The Muscle Cross-sectional Area on MRI of the Shoulder Can Predict Muscle Volume

2020 ◽  
Vol 478 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-883
Author(s):  
Heath B. Henninger ◽  
Garrett V. Christensen ◽  
Carolyn E. Taylor ◽  
Jun Kawakami ◽  
Bradley S. Hillyard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

Age-Related Differences in Hip Flexion Maximal and Rapid Strength and Rectus Femoris Muscle Size and Composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahalee C. Farrow ◽  
Ty B. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hip Flexion

This study aimed to examine the effects of age on hip flexion maximal and rapid strength and rectus femoris (RF) muscle size and composition in men. Fifteen young (25 [3] y) and 15 older (73 [4] y) men performed isometric hip flexion contractions to examine peak torque and absolute and normalized rate of torque development (RTD) at time intervals of 0 to 100 and 100 to 200 milliseconds. Ultrasonography was used to examine RF muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity. Peak torque, absolute RTD at 0 to 100 milliseconds, and absolute and normalized RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds were significantly lower (P = .004–.045) in the old compared with the young men. The older men exhibited lower cross-sectional area (P = .015) and higher echo intensity (P = .007) than the young men. Moreover, there were positive relationships between cross-sectional area and absolute RTD at 0 to 100 milliseconds (r = .400) and absolute RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = .450) and negative relationships between echo intensity and absolute RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = −.457) and normalized RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = −.373). These findings indicate that hip flexion maximal and rapid strength and RF muscle size and composition decrease in old age. The relationships observed between ultrasound-derived RF parameters and measurements of RTD suggest that these age-related declines in muscle size and composition may be relevant to hip flexion rapid torque production.

Multifidus Muscle Size and Symmetry in Ballroom Dancers with and without Low Back Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (08) ◽  
pp. 630-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Smyers Evanson ◽  
Joseph Myrer ◽  
Dennis Eggett ◽  
Ulrike Mitchell ◽  
A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Multifidus Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe incidence of low back pain (LBP) among elite ballroom dancers is high and understanding associations between muscle morphology and pain may provide insight into treatment or training options. Research has linked multifidus muscle atrophy to LBP in the general and some athletic populations; however, this has not been examined in ballroom dancers. We compared the lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area (CSA) at rest in 57 elite level ballroom dancers (age 23±2.4 years; height, 174±11 cm; mass, 64±10 kg) divided into one of three pain groups, according to their self-reported symptoms, 1) LBP group (n=19), 2) minimal LBP (n=17), and 3) no LBP (n=21). There were no significant difference in demographics between the groups (P>0.05). The LBP group demonstrated significant differences in reported pain and Oswestry Disability Index scores compared to the other two groups. There was no significant difference between groups in multifidus cross-sectional area (P=0.49). Asymmetry was found in all groups with the overall left side being significantly larger than the right (P<0.002). Pain associated with segmental decrease in multifidus CSA was not observed in ballroom dancers with LBP, suggesting other reasons for persistent LBP in ballroom dancers.

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