Currently, transcatheter aortic valve replacements within degenerated surgical bioprosthetic aortic valves (valve in valve) are increasing in frequency with studies supporting their safety and efficacy. We present the rare case of a patient requiring a second transcatheter bioprosthetic aortic valve placed within a previously placed degenerated transcatheter aortic valve, which was implanted in a degenerated surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve. The procedure was performed using a percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass with TandemLife for hemodynamic support.
Qualitative x-ray microanalytical studies used to demonstrate calcium in bioprosthetic aortic valves have shown that it occurs in a range of morphological forms. A consistent and reproducible standard for measuring calcium was necessary to investigate whether these forms represented varying concentrations of calcium. To provide such a standard, we tested a series of calcium naphthenate-epon mixtures.
Valve-in-Valve-in-Valve: Degenerated Transcatheter Heart Valve within Degenerated Surgical Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Treated with Second Transcatheter Heart Valve
