scholarly journals Gender-specific correlation of intranodular chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with thyroid nodule size, echogenicity, and histologically-verified cytological class of malignancy risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Salvatore Arena ◽  
Salvatore Benvenga
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Malignancy Risk ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals The Risk For Malignancy of the Thyroid Nodule is Modulated by Gender, Echotexture, and Intranodular Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (09) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Arena ◽  
Salvatore Benvenga
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Malignancy Rate ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy

AbstractBased on the American (Bethesda, 2017) or Italian (SIAPEC 2014) cytological categories of thyroid nodules, the risk of malignancy and management vary. This risk is 5–10% or<3% (benign or TIR2), 6–18% or<10% (AUS/FLUS or TIR3A), 10–40% or 15–30% (FN/SFN or TIR3B), 45–60% or 60–80% (suspicious or TIR4), 94–96% or 95% (malignant or TIR5). In 408 thyroid nodules evaluated cytologically, we computed the malignancy rate in each category considering gender (325 females, 83 males), echotexture (268 isoechoic, 140 hypoechoic), intranodular chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (ICLT: 113 with and 295 without); histology (263 benign, 145 malignant). It was 0–1.7% for the benign categories, except hypoechoic/ICLT+ve nodules of females (25%); 0–2.3% for the AUS/FLUS category, except isoechoic/ICLT–ve nodules of males (11.1%) and hypoechoic/ICLT–ve nodules of females (22.2%). For the FN/SFN category, rate was the most variable (from 0% in isoechoic/ICLT+ve nodules of males to 100% in hypoechoic/ICLT–ve nodules of males). The 30% threshold for risk was passed in four subgroups, and the 40% threshold in two subgroups (45% in isoechoic/ICLT–ve nodules of males, 80% in hypoechoic/ICLT+ve nodules of females). For the suspicious category, rate was 100% in males, except those with isoechoic/ICLT–ve nodules (75%), and>80% in females with hypoechoic nodules. For the malignant category, rate was always 100%. In conclusion, particular groups of nodules (based on gender, echotexture, and ICLT) within the cytologically benign through the suspiciously malignant category are at risk of malignancy substantially greater (even 100%) than the standard one. Accordingly, the suggested management cannot be standardized.

scholarly journals Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: could it be influenced by a petrochemical complex? Data from a cytological study in South-Eastern Sicily

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Arena ◽  
Adele Latina ◽  
Roberto Baratta ◽  
Giuseppe Burgio ◽  
Damiano Gullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Malignancy Risk ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Few Data

IntroductionIn genetically predisposed individuals, exogenous factors (including pollution) influence the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis/chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). CLT may also be a risk factor for associated thyroid cancer. Few data are available on the role of pollution from petrochemical complexes, one of which is located in the Siracusa province (South-Eastern Sicily), in the pathogenesis of CLT.Aimsi) To study the frequency of CLT in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)-interrogated thyroid nodules from patients who were stably resident in their zones, comparing it in patients living in the petrochemical complex area (zone A) with that of patients from a control area (zone B). ii) To study the frequency of CLT in the FNAC categories of malignancy risk, comparing the two zones.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated cytologically adequate slides of 1323 nodules in 1013 outpatients who underwent ultrasound-guided FNAC from 2006 to 2012. We stratified by area of residence, gender, and FNAC categories of malignancy risk.ResultsCLT was detected with significantly greater frequency in either patients or nodules from zone A compared with zone B (32.0% vs 23.1%,P=0.002 or 28.2% vs 18.8%,P=0.0001), with a female preponderance (F=35.2% vs M=21.1% or 30.4% vs 20.4%, zone A and F=26.5% vs 12.3% or 21.6% vs 9.5%, zone B). Regardless of zone, CLT was approximately twofold more frequent in the suspiciously malignant+malignant classes (TH4+THY5=47.6%, zone A and 32.4%, zone B) compared with the benign+intermediate classes (THY2+THY3=27.3%, zone A and 18.2%, zone B), but with a clear stepwise THY2 through THY5 increase only in zone A (THY2=25.3%, THY5=66.7%; THY2=18.6%, THY5=28.6% in zone B).ConclusionsThe petrochemical complex-related pollution is an environmental factor involved in the development of CLT and, likely, in the CLT association with thyroid neoplasms.

scholarly journals Malignancy Rate of Bethesda Class III Thyroid Nodules Based on the Presence of Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis in Surgical Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Young Cho ◽  
Yun Jae Chung ◽  
Hee Sung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Malignancy Rate ◽  
Malignancy Risk ◽  
Follicular Lesions ◽  
Premalignant Condition ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies ◽  
Undetermined Significance

BackgroundHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), may interfere with the accurate cytological diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Recently, HT has been considered a premalignant condition for thyroid cancer development. The diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesions of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) thyroid nodules is challenging and evidence for the malignancy risk of AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules coexisting with CLT is scarce. Therefore, we assessed the malignancy risk of AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules according to the presence of background CLT.MethodsThis study included 357 surgically resected thyroid nodules with AUS/FLUS cytology. Cases with concomitant malignant nodules were excluded. CLT was defined based on the pathologic report after thyroid surgery.ResultsAmong 357 tumors, 130 tumors (36%) were confirmed to have coexisting CLT, and 170 tumors (48%) were determined to be malignant after thyroidectomy. Malignancy rates were similar in both groups (48% in each) regardless of background CLT (62/130 with CLT vs. 108/227 without CLT). In the group with CLT, thyroiditis was more frequent in the final pathology (12% with CLT vs. 1% without CLT, P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, positive BRAFV600E mutation, highly suspicious sonographic features (K-TIRADS 5), and smaller thyroid nodules were significant factors for thyroid malignancies.ConclusionThe malignancy rate of thyroid nodules with AUS/FLUS cytology was comparable irrespective of the presence of underlying CLT.

scholarly journals Association between thyroid nodule size and malignancy rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
M Jinih ◽  
F Faisal ◽  
K Abdalla ◽  
M Majeed ◽  
AA Achakzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Malignancy Risk ◽  
Negative Rate

Introduction The diagnostic performance of ultrasound-fine needle aspiration to identify thyroid nodules harbouring malignancy remains variable. The aim of this study was to determine thyroid nodule size and cytological classification as predictors of malignancy risk. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis at an academic hospital involving 499 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery between 2004 and 2015. Results A total of 503 thyroid nodules (499 patients, 84% female; mean age 50.8 years, standard deviation, SD, 15.4 years) were analysed. Of these, 19.5% were malignant. The mean (± SD) nodule size was 3.28 ± 1.63 cm and 3.27 ± 1.54 cm for benign and malignant nodules, respectively. The odds of malignancy for thyroid nodules less than 3.0 cm was similar to those for nodules of 3.0 cm or greater (0.26 compared with 0.29; p=0.77). Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of fine-needle aspiration in this cohort were 71.4% and 100%, respectively. The overall false negative rate was 5.4%. When the cut-off of 3.0 cm was used, the false negative rate in thyroid nodules less than 3.0 cm was 0% compared with 7.0% in nodules of 3.0 cm or greater. Thus, class (p<0.01) but not nodule size (p=0.49), was associated with higher malignancy risk. Conclusions Our results suggest that thyroid nodule size did not accurately predict the risk of thyroid malignancy irrespective of fine-needle aspiration cytology. Routine diagnostic thyroid lobectomy solely owing to thyroid nodule size of 3.0 cm or greater is currently not justified.

Thyroid Nodule Size Linked to Malignancy Risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (18) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
MICHELE G. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Malignancy Risk

The relationship of thyroid nodule size on malignancy risk according to histological type of thyroid cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-628
Author(s):  
Sae Rom Chung ◽  
Jung Hwan Baek ◽  
Young Jun Choi ◽  
Tae-Yon Sung ◽  
Dong Eun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Malignancy Risk ◽  
Negative Rate ◽  
The Relationship

Background Although several studies have examined the value of thyroid nodule size as a malignancy predictor, the results are conflicting. Purpose To investigate the relationship between nodule size and malignancy risk and to evaluate the impact of nodule size on the false-negative rate of fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy according to the histological type of thyroid cancer. Material and Methods From January 2013 to December 2013, 3970 thyroid nodules that underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. We assessed the relationship between nodule size and malignancy risk according to histological type of thyroid cancer. In addition, we compared the false-negative rate by thyroid nodule size category. Results Of 3970 thyroid nodules, 1170 nodules were malignant. For papillary thyroid carcinoma, nodule size was inversely related to malignancy risk, whereas in nodules of follicular carcinoma and follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma, nodule size was positively related to malignancy risk ( P < 0.001). The false-negative rate tended to increase as nodule size increased ( P = 0.002) for all nodules and the overall false-negative rate was 2.3%. Conclusion Overall, nodule size does not correlate with risk of malignancy, but the relationship between nodule size and malignancy risk depends on the histological type of thyroid cancer.

Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hasnaoui ◽  
Mohamed Masmoudi ◽  
Takwa Belaid ◽  
Khalifa Mighri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study on the Incidence of Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis in Childhood

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroo NIIMI ◽  
Nozomu SASAKI ◽  
Susumu MATSUMOTO ◽  
Toshio KADOMURA ◽  
Yooko NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

Lymphoepithelial Cysts of the Thyroid Gland

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. e205-e208
Author(s):  
Elliot Carter ◽  
Ozlem Ulusarac
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Chronic Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Lymphoepithelial Cysts ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Solid Cell ◽  
Branchial Cleft Cysts

Abstract We report a case of multiple lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland in a patient with severe chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland are rare lesions that are histologically similar to branchial cleft cysts found in the lateral neck. The cysts have an epithelial lining that is usually stratified squamous epithelium but may be focally respiratory-type epithelium. Abundant lymphoid tissue is present beneath the epithelium, and lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers are common features in the walls of the cysts. Because of their similarity to branchial cleft cysts and the presence of intrathyroidal branchiae-derived structures such as thymus and parathyroid gland tissue in the vicinity of some cysts, lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid have been postulated to arise from remnants of branchial derivatives; origination from solid cell nest remnants of the ultimobranchial bodies has been raised as a possibility. A definitive origin, however, has not been established. An association with chronic thyroiditis has been noted in 8 of the previously reported 16 cases occurring in a background of Hashimoto or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

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