Effect of body weight support on muscle activation during walking on a lower body positive pressure treadmill

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Kristiansen ◽  
Nikolaj Odderskær ◽  
Daniel Haaning Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Body Positive

scholarly journals Effect of Uphill Running on VO2, Heart Rate and Lactate Accumulation on Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmills

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Daniel Fleckenstein ◽  
Olaf Ueberschär ◽  
Jan C. Wüstenfeld ◽  
Peter Rüdrich ◽  
Bernd Wolfarth
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Biomechanical Stress ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Body Positive

Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPTs) as a strategy to reduce musculoskeletal load are becoming more common as part of sports conditioning, although the requisite physiological parameters are unclear. To elucidate their role, ten well-trained runners (30.2 ± 3.4 years; VO2max: 60.3 ± 4.2 mL kg−1 min−1) ran at 70% of their individual velocity at VO2max (vVO2max) on a LBPPT at 80% body weight support (80% BWSet) and 90% body weight support (90% BWSet), at 0%, 2% and 7% incline. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate accumulation (LA) were monitored. It was found that an increase in incline led to increased VO2 values of 6.8 ± 0.8 mL kg−1 min−1 (0% vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and 5.4 ± 0.8 mL kg−1 min−1 (2% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). Between 80% BWSet and 90% BWSet, there were VO2 differences of 3.3 ± 0.2 mL kg−1 min−1 (p < 0.001). HR increased with incline by 12 ± 2 bpm (0% vs. 7%, p < 0.05) and 10 ± 2 bpm (2% vs. 7%, p < 0.05). From 80% BWSet to 90% BWSet, HR increases of 6 ± 1 bpm (p < 0.001) were observed. Additionally, LA values showed differences of 0.10 ± 0.02 mmol l−1 between 80% BWSet and 90% BWSet. Those results suggest that on a LBPPT, a 2% incline (at 70% vVO2max) is not yet sufficient to produce significant physiological changes in VO2, HR and LA—as opposed to running on conventional treadmills, where significant changes are measured. However, a 7% incline increases VO2 and HR significantly. Bringing together physiological and biomechanical factors from previous studies into this practical context, it appears that a 7% incline (at 80% BWSet) may be used to keep VO2 and HR load unchanged as compared to unsupported running, while biomechanical stress is substantially reduced.

scholarly journals Muscle Activation and Estimated Relative Joint Force During Running with Weight Support on a Lower-Body Positive-Pressure Treadmill

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente R. Jensen ◽  
Line Hovgaard-Hansen ◽  
Katrine L. Cappelen
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Body Positive ◽  
Leg Muscle

Running on a lower-body positive-pressure (LBPP) treadmill allows effects of weight support on leg muscle activation to be assessed systematically, and has the potential to facilitate rehabilitation and prevent overloading. The aim was to study the effect of running with weight support on leg muscle activation and to estimate relative knee and ankle joint forces. Runners performed 6-min running sessions at 2.22 m/s and 3.33 m/s, at 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% body weight (BW). Surface electromyography, ground reaction force, and running characteristics were measured. Relative knee and ankle joint forces were estimated. Leg muscles responded differently to unweighting during running, reflecting different relative contribution to propulsion and antigravity forces. At 20% BW, knee extensor EMGpeak decreased to 22% at 2.22 m/s and 28% at 3.33 m/s of 100% BW values. Plantar flexors decreased to 52% and 58% at 20% BW, while activity of biceps femoris muscle remained unchanged. Unweighting with LBPP reduced estimated joint force significantly although less than proportional to the degree of weight support (ankle).It was concluded that leg muscle activation adapted to the new biomechanical environment, and the effect of unweighting on estimated knee force was more pronounced than on ankle force.

Metabolic Costs During Backward Running with Body Weight Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Masumoto ◽  
Kendell Galor ◽  
Andrew Craig-Jones ◽  
John Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Body Positive ◽  
Metabolic Costs

AbstractWe investigated metabolic costs, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), stride frequency (SF), and preferred speed (PS) during forward and backward running at different levels of body weight support (BWS). Participants completed forward and backward running on a lower body positive pressure treadmill at their preferred speed for forward and backward running at 0%BWS, 20%BWS, and 50%BWS. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), RPE, SF, and PS were measured. HR, RPE, and SF during forward and backward running decreased with increasing BWS (P<0.05).V̇O2 during both forward and backward running at 50%BWS was significantly lower than when running at 0%BWS (P<0.01). However, PS during forward and backward running increased with increasing BWS (P<0.01). Furthermore,V̇O2 was different between running directions only when running at 0%BWS (P<0.01). HR and RPE were not different between running directions (P>0.05). SF during backward running was higher than that of forward running (P<0.01). PS during backward running was lower than when running forward (P<0.001). Our observations suggest that individuals may select PS and SF during running with BWS in a way that resulted in similar metabolic costs, regardless of direction of locomotion.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses to Treadmill Running With Body Weight Support in Hypoxia Compared With Normoxia

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. Lee ◽  
Charles Douglas Thake
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Body Positive

Context: Anecdotal reports suggest elite sports clubs combine lower-body positive-pressure rehabilitation with a hypoxic stimulus to maintain or increase physiological and metabolic strain, which are reduced during lower-body positive pressure. However, the effects of hypoxia on cardiovascular and metabolic response during lower-body positive-pressure rehabilitation are unknown. Objective: Evaluate the use of normobaric hypoxia as a means to increase physiological strain during body-weight-supported (BWS) running. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Controlled laboratory. Participants: Seven familiarized males (mean (SD): age, 20 (1) y; height, 1.77 (0.05) m; mass, 69.4 (5.1) kg; hemoglobin, 15.2 (0.8) g·dL−1) completed a normoxic and hypoxic (fraction of inspired oxygen [O2] = 0.14) trial, during which they ran at 8 km·h−1 on an AlterG™ treadmill with 0%, 30%, and 60% BWS in a randomized order for 10 minutes interspersed with 5 minutes of recovery. Main Outcome Measures: Arterial O2 saturation, heart rate, O2 delivery, and measurements of metabolic strain via indirect calorimetry. Results: Hypoxic exercise reduced hemoglobin O2 saturation and elevated heart rate at each level of BWS compared with normoxia. However, the reduction in hemoglobin O2 saturation was attenuated at 60% BWS compared with 0% and 30%, and consequently, O2 delivery was better maintained at 60% BWS. Conclusion: Hypoxia is a practically useful means of increasing physiological strain during BWS rehabilitation. In light of the maintenance of hemoglobin O2 saturation and O2 delivery at increasing levels of BWS, fixed hemoglobin saturations rather than a fixed altitude are recommended to maintain an aerobic stimulus.

scholarly journals Alterations in the Rate of Limb Movement Using a Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Do Not Influence Respiratory Rate or Phase III Ventilation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michael J. Buono ◽  
Marissa Burnsed-Torres ◽  
Bethany Hess ◽  
Kristine Lopez ◽  
Catherine Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Body Positive

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alterations in rate of limb movement on Phase III ventilation during exercise, independent of metabolic rate, gait style, and treadmill incline. Subjects completed five submaximal exercise bouts on a lower body positive pressure treadmill (AlterG P 200). The percent body weight for the five exercise bouts was 100, 87, 75, 63, and 50% and each was matched for carbon dioxide production (VCO2). Naturally, to match theVCO2while reducing the body weight up to 50% of normal required a significant increase in the treadmill speed from3.0±0.1to4.1±0.2mph, which resulted in a significant(P<0.05)increase in the mean step frequency (steps per minute) from118±10at 3 mph (i.e., 100% of body weight) to133±6at 4.1 mph (i.e., 50% of body weight). The most important finding was that significant increases in step frequency did not significantly alter minute ventilation or respiratory rate. Such results do not support an important role for the rate of limb movement in Phase III ventilation during submaximal exercise, when metabolic rate, gait style, and treadmill incline are controlled.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise testing during lower-body positive pressure running

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-784
Author(s):  
Tim Brüssau ◽  
Robert Oehring ◽  
Stephan B. Felix ◽  
Marcus Dörr ◽  
Martin Bahls
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Body Positive

Exercise reduces the future cardiometabolic disease risk. However, not everyone can participate in routine physical activity because of obesity or orthopedic impairments. Body weight-supported (BWS) exercise may be an option for these individuals. Unfortunately, very little data are available with regard to BWS running in untrained healthy individuals. Yet, this information is important to assess the potential use of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill running for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease. Twenty healthy but untrained participants (10 females, mean age 31.5 yr) were included in this study. Participants completed two exercise tests (one with 100% and one with 60% body wt) in randomized order on a LBPP treadmill. Expired gas data and heart rate (HR) were collected continuously. Blood lactate, blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during a 2-min break after each stage. Oxygen uptake increased significantly independent of BWS but was lower with BWS. Furthermore, we identified a significant correlation between HR and RPE independent of BWS. BP and PWV showed a large heterogeneity in response to BWS. The lower O2 requirement when running with BWS may help untrained individuals to adapt to an exercise regimen. Future research needs to explore the heterogenetic response of blood pressure and pulse wave velocity to LBPP BWS between individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lower-body positive pressure body weight-supported exercise has a lower metabolic and cardiovascular demand. Furthermore, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion are highly correlated independent of body weight support. Our data support the further examination of lower-body positive pressure exercise training for cardiovascular disease risk groups.

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