Comparative phylogeography and demographic history of five sibling species of Pseudocalanus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the North Atlantic Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Nicolai Staurland Aarbakke ◽  
Ann Bucklin ◽  
Claudia Halsband ◽  
Fredrika Norrbin

The history of our knowledge of the currents of the North Atlantic Ocean up to the year 1870 has been written once for all by Petermann (I), who in that year published a memoir maintaining, contrary to the opinion of Findlay, Blunt, and Carpenter, that eastern and northern extensions of the Gulf Stream were the prime factors in the circulation. Petermann subjected practically the whole of the material in the way of observations then extant to an exhaustive critical examination, and came to conclusions which are worth quoting, in the summary, inasmuch as the observations of the twenty succeeding years did not seriously modify them :— 1. The hot source and core of the Gulf Stream extends from the Strait of Florida, along the North American coast at all times.... up to the 37th degree of northern latitude.


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