Host–parasite interactions: Marine bivalve molluscs and protozoan parasites, Perkinsus species

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Soudant ◽  
Fu-Lin E. Chu ◽  
Aswani Volety
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Culture of Protozoan Parasites

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govinda S. Visvesvara ◽  
Lynne S. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Complex Life Cycles ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARY The in vitro culture of protozoan parasites involves highly complex procedures, which are subject to many variables. These parasites have very complex life cycles and, depending on the life cycle stage, may require different culture parameters. However, in vitro cultivation is important for many reasons, some of which include: diagnosis, antigen and antibody production, assessment of parasite immune modulating capabilities, drug screening, improvements in chemotherapy, differentiation of clinical isolates, determination of strain differences, vaccine production, development of attenuated strains, and the continued supply of viable organisms for studying host-parasite interactions.

The Role of Mucins in Host–Parasite Interactions. Part I – Protozoan Parasites

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Hicks ◽  
G. Theodoropoulos ◽  
S.D. Carrington ◽  
A.P. Corfield
Keyword(s):  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals An efficient photograph-based quantitative method for assessing castrating trematode parasites in bivalve molluscs

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (12) ◽  
pp. 1375-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua I. Brian ◽  
David C. Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Gonad Tissue ◽  
Digenean Trematode ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Reproductive Response ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Trematode Parasites

AbstractParasitic castration of bivalves by trematodes is common, and may significantly reduce the reproductive capacity of ecologically important species. Understanding the intensity of infection is desirable, as it can indicate the time that has passed since infection, and influence the host's physiological and reproductive response. In addition, it is useful to know the developmental stage of the trematode, to understand trematode population trends and reproductive success. However, most existing methods (e.g. visually estimating the degree of infection) to assess intensity are approximate only and not reproducible. Here, we present a method to accurately quantify the percentage of bivalve gonad filled with digenean trematode tissue, based on small squashes of gonad tissue rapidly photographed under light microscopy. A maximum of 15 photographs is required to determine the percentage of the whole gonad occupied by trematodes with a minimum of 90% confidence, with smaller mussels requiring fewer. In addition, the stage of trematode infection can be assessed because full sporocysts, spent sporocysts and free cercariae are clearly distinguishable. Although variation exists in the distribution of trematodes in gonad tissue, and thus in the estimate of percentage of the gonad filled with trematodes, this method represents a marked improvement on current coarse assessments of infection which typically focus on binary presence/absence measures. This technique can be used to facilitate a more sophisticated understanding of host–parasite interactions in bivalves, and can inform the conservation and reproductive biology of environmentally crucial species.

Host parasite interactions and pathophysiology in Giardia infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Cotton ◽  
Jennifer K. Beatty ◽  
Andre G. Buret
Keyword(s):  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Latitudinal influence on gametogenesis and host–parasite ecology in a marine bivalve model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Mahony ◽  
Sharon A. Lynch ◽  
Sian Egerton ◽  
Rebecca E. Laffan ◽  
Simão Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Parasite Ecology ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Spatial expression pattern of serine proteases in the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni determined by fluorescence RNA in situ hybridization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Ulrychová ◽  
Pavel Ostašov ◽  
Marta Chanová ◽  
Michael Mareš ◽  
Martin Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Background The blood flukes of genus Schistosoma are the causative agent of schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that infects more than 200 million people worldwide. Proteases of schistosomes are involved in critical steps of host–parasite interactions and are promising therapeutic targets. We recently identified and characterized a group of S1 family Schistosoma mansoni serine proteases, including SmSP1 to SmSP5. Expression levels of some SmSPs in S. mansoni are low, and by standard genome sequencing technologies they are marginally detectable at the method threshold levels. Here, we report their spatial gene expression patterns in adult S. mansoni by the high-sensitivity localization assay. Methodology Highly sensitive fluorescence in situ RNA hybridization (FISH) was modified and used for the localization of mRNAs encoding individual SmSP proteases (including low-expressed SmSPs) in tissues of adult worms. High sensitivity was obtained due to specifically prepared tissue and probes in combination with the employment of a signal amplification approach. The assay method was validated by detecting the expression patterns of a set of relevant reference genes including SmCB1, SmPOP, SmTSP-2, and Sm29 with localization formerly determined by other techniques. Results FISH analysis revealed interesting expression patterns of SmSPs distributed in multiple tissues of S. mansoni adults. The expression patterns of individual SmSPs were distinct but in part overlapping and were consistent with existing transcriptome sequencing data. The exception were genes with significantly low expression, which were also localized in tissues where they had not previously been detected by RNA sequencing methods. In general, SmSPs were found in various tissues including reproductive organs, parenchymal cells, esophagus, and the tegumental surface. Conclusions The FISH-based assay provided spatial information about the expression of five SmSPs in adult S. mansoni females and males. This highly sensitive method allowed visualization of low-abundantly expressed genes that are below the detection limits of standard in situ hybridization or by RNA sequencing. Thus, this technical approach turned out to be suitable for sensitive localization studies and may also be applicable for other trematodes. The results suggest that SmSPs may play roles in diverse processes of the parasite. Certain SmSPs expressed at the surface may be involved in host–parasite interactions. Graphic abstract

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document