Determination of formability considering wrinkling defect in first-pass conventional spinning with linear roller path

Abstract The GENCODE project annotates human and mouse genes and transcripts supported by experimental data with high accuracy, providing a foundational resource that supports genome biology and clinical genomics. GENCODE annotation processes make use of primary data and bioinformatic tools and analysis generated both within the consortium and externally to support the creation of transcript structures and the determination of their function. Here, we present improvements to our annotation infrastructure, bioinformatics tools, and analysis, and the advances they support in the annotation of the human and mouse genomes including: the completion of first pass manual annotation for the mouse reference genome; targeted improvements to the annotation of genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; collaborative projects to achieve convergence across reference annotation databases for the annotation of human and mouse protein-coding genes; and the first GENCODE manually supervised automated annotation of lncRNAs. Our annotation is accessible via Ensembl, the UCSC Genome Browser and https://www.gencodegenes.org.

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Evaluation of [123I]Isopropyliodoamphetamine as a Tracer for Local Cerebral Blood Flow Using Direct Autoradiographic Comparison

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1982.17 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

James L. Lear ◽

Robert F. Ackermann ◽

Motonobu Kameyama ◽

David E. Kuhl

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Partition Coefficient ◽

Brain Uptake ◽

Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Mean Values ◽

Brain Uptake Index ◽

First Pass ◽

Potential Use

We investigated [123I]isopropyliodoamphetamine (IMP) for potential use in the autoradiographic determination of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in animals. The technique of direct autoradiographic comparison, derived from double radionuclide autoradiography, was used to compare the simultaneous uptakes of IMP and [14C]iodoantipyrine (IAP), a reference tracer, in awake and anesthetized rats. This new technique offers several advantages over the previously developed methods of comparing tracers, brain uptake index and first pass extraction ratio. These include the avoidance of disrupting normal cerebral blood–brain tracer exchange and the ability to compare uptakes at substructural levels, whereas the other methods are limited to larger areas. Mean values of LCBF obtained with IMP agreed closely with those using IAP, from 20 to 300 ml/100 g/min. Because IMP was found to have an extremely high effective brain:blood partition coefficient, approximately 25:1, a linear uptake tracer model could be used for IMP yielding more precise values than could IAP for LCBF values above 150. IMP was found to measure choroid plexus flows much more accurately than IAP, values being greater than 500 for IMP compared to approximately 200 for IAP. Because the mechanism of the extremely high partition coefficient of IMP is not yet defined, however, care must be used in measuring LCBF with IMP where the trapping mechanisms of normal vessels may be disrupted.

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