4 Background: A growing body of evidence over the past few years suggests that the presence of immune elements within the tumor or in the tumor stroma has prognostic and predictive value in breast cancer. Immunotherapy is successfully used in many types of cancer, and modulation of immune system became standard part of the cancer patients treatment Responses in breast cancer have been more recently reported. However it has yet to be determined whether predictable biomarkers of response can be identified. Therefore in recent years, research focused on a precise description of the status and function of the immune system.The purpose of the study was to monitor immune responses in patients with breast cancer, particularly the examination of cellular (CD4, CD8, B cells) as well as humoral immunity (IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4. It appears that a factor contributing to the immunosupression may be a transforming factor-beta (TGF-beta).It is highly immunosuppressive factor that inhibits the natural and specific immunity against tumors. Methods: 50 patients included in the research project were implemented routine cancer treatment. Basic parameters (histological type and grade, the degree of expression of ER and PR, HER2, and the proliferative marker) were established. Patients were evaluated by a cancer clinical immunologist to exclude immune disorders, allergic or autoimmune origin. Anti-tumor cellular immunity (CD4, CD8, CD19) was measured by flow citometry, humoral immunity (IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) was measured and TGF beta and VEGF production was monitored by ELISA. Results: In breast cancer patients mainly depression in cellular immunity was found. Immunglobuline plasma level was decreased as well (mainly IgG4 subtype). TGF beta as well as VEGF plasma level were increased. Most patients have shown clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency (frequent infections of respiratory or urinary tract, herpetic infections).Those patient could benefit from immunomodulation. Conclusions: The state of anticancer immunity could contribute to the selection of targeted immune therapy in breast cancer patients and to help to find optimal combination of immunotherapy. This project was supported by governmental grant AZV CR 15-28188A.
Psychosocial adaptation and cellular immunity in breast cancer patients in the weeks after surgery: An exploratory study