scholarly journals Evolution of delayed dispersal and subsequent emergence of helping, with implications for cooperative breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 427 ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Wild ◽  
Judith Korb
The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-697
Author(s):  
Richard A. Phillips

Abstract Cooperative breeding is unusual in seabirds, but recorded in varying proportions in Brown Skuas (Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi). With no evidence for kin selection or delayed dispersal, nor for any reproductive advantage, the reason for its occurrence in skuas is uncertain. This study describes the incidence, composition, and breeding characteristics of trios of Brown Skuas at Bird Island, South Georgia. Trios were recorded in nine seasons, including a polygynous and a polyandrous trio found in both 2000–2001 and 2001–2002. In some years, birds hatched three chicks from supranormal clutches, which is exceptional in skuas and jaegers, yet their overall performance was no better than monogamous pairs. I suggest that compared with closely related taxa, Brown Skuas have a slight behavioral or genetic predisposition that facilitates cooperative breeding. Cooperation conveys a minor advantage in territory acquisition, but none in terms of reproductive success (particularly for polygynous groups), and consequently has not proliferated at most colonies. Tríos de Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi en Bird Island, Georgia del Sur: Incidencia y Composición Resumen. La crianza cooperativa es inusual en aves marinas pero se ha reportado en diversa medida en Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi. Sin ninguna evidencia sobre selección de parentesco o dispersión retrasada, ni ninguna ventaja reproductiva, se desconoce por qué sucede en los págalos. Este estudio describe la incidencia, composición y características de cría de tríos de S. lonnbergi en Bird Island, Georgia del Sur. Varios tríos fueron monitoreados durante nueve estaciones, incluyendo un trío poligínico y otro poliándrico encontrados en 2000–2001 y 2001–2002, respectivamente. En algunos años las aves lograron la eclosión de tres polluelos de nidadas más grandes de lo normal, lo cual es excepcional en págalos, pero su éxito no fue mayor que el de parejas monógamas. Se sugiere que en comparación con taxa estrechamente relacionados, S. lonnbergi tiene una ligera predisposición de tipo comportamental o genética que facilita la cría cooperativa. La cooperación conlleva una cierta ventaja en la adquisición de territorios, pero ninguna ventaja en términos de éxito reproductivo (en particular para grupos poligínicos), y en consecuencia no ha proliferado en la mayoría de las colonias.


The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-729
Author(s):  
Rebecca T. Kimball ◽  
Patricia G. Parker ◽  
James C. Bednarz

Abstract Cooperative breeding, in which more than two individuals live in a group and raise offspring, usually in a single nest, is found in only 3% of avian species. On the basis of a review of the literature, we found reports of groups (usually trios) at nest sites in 42 species of diurnal raptors. At least one example of cooperative breeding was found in 29% of genera and 14% of species, distributed in both Accipitridae and Falconidae. Given the difficulty of obtaining behavioral observations necessary to detect cooperative breeding in most raptor species, combined with the large number of species that have been poorly studied, cooperative breeding in diurnal raptors may be more common than our data indicate. However, when data on the sex of the extra bird(s) or relationships among group members were available, patterns were quite varied. For 7 of 13 species, groups primarily contained multiple adult males, though three of those species also had groups formed from offspring that had delayed dispersal; three species had a low, but regular, occurrence of multiple females (females of groups laid eggs in the same nest); and the remaining three species were characterized by having extra birds that were yearlings or subadults. In over half of species, groups did not appear to be composed of related individuals, contrary to many cooperatively breeding passerine species where groups are primarily composed of offspring that have delayed dispersal. Our review suggests that the evolution of group living in many raptors may be independent of delayed dispersal, and that the factors important in explaining the evolution of that behavior depend upon the benefits of group living.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arleone Dibben‐Young ◽  
Kristen C. Harmon ◽  
Arianna Lunow‐Luke ◽  
Jessica L. Idle ◽  
Dain L. Christensen ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Young ◽  
Steven L Monfort

Costs associated with extra-territorial movement are believed to have favoured the evolution of delayed dispersal and sociality across a range of social vertebrates, but remain surprisingly poorly understood. Here we reveal a novel mechanism that may contribute substantially to the costs of extra-territorial movement: physiological stress. We show that subordinate male meerkats, Suricata suricatta , exhibit markedly elevated faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels (a non-invasive measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity) while conducting extra-territorial prospecting forays. While brief increases in glucocorticoid levels are unlikely to be costly, chronic elevations, arising from prolonged and/or frequent forays, are expected to compromise fitness through their diverse negative effects on health. Our findings strongly suggest that prolonged extra-territorial movements do result in chronic stress, as the high glucocorticoid levels of prospectors do not diminish on longer forays and are no lower among males with greater prospecting experience. A generalized ‘stress’ of extra-territorial movement may therefore have strengthened selection for delayed dispersal and sociality in this and other species, and favoured the conduct of brief forays over extended periods of floating. Our findings have implications too for understanding the rank-related distribution of physiological stress in animal societies, as extra-territorial movements are often conducted solely by subordinates.


2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Dickinson ◽  
E. D. Ferree ◽  
C. A. Stern ◽  
R. Swift ◽  
B. Zuckerberg

The Condor ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Igor Dias ◽  
Regina H. Macedo ◽  
Débora Goedert ◽  
Michael S. Webster
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