PNS59 Current Utilization and Perceptions of Value Assessment Frameworks Among United States Payers

New medications can provide substantial benefits, but high prescription drug prices have led to calls to contain costs. Even after accounting for discounts and rebates, average prices of leading brand-name drugs in the United States are two to four times higher than in other wealthy countries, raising questions about what these higher prices are buying us. With the advent of ever more targeted and powerful treatments, including cell- and gene-based therapies with multimillion dollar price tags, the need for sensible drug pricing policies will intensify. Price controls, common in other countries, seem appealing, but these measures can discourage innovation. Moreover, on what basis should policymakers develop such controls? This book argues that pricing prescription drugs to reflect the value they bring to patients, families, and society achieves the right balance. The book reviews the distinguishing features of the prescription drug market and explains why simple solutions like price controls and importing drugs from countries with lower drug prices are problematic without explicit assessments of value. It then describes how economists measure value, how value assessment for drugs is now being used in the United States, and what must happen going forward to overcome challenges.

Download Full-text

An Assessment of the Red Maple Resource in the Northeastern United States

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/22.3.181 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 181-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Delton R. Alderman ◽

Matthew S. Bumgardner ◽

John E. Baumgras

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

Red Maple ◽

Northeastern United States ◽

Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽

Growing Stock ◽

Silvicultural Treatments ◽

Study Results ◽

Current Utilization ◽

Novel Products

Abstract The red maple resource in the northeastern United States has exhibited dramatic gains in the past 3 decades in terms of stem numbers and net volume. Growing stock and sawtimber volumes have displayed extraordinary growth compared to other species, and red maple is replacing important market species that have historically been used in the Northeast. The increase in red maple has salient implications for foresters, primary and secondary manufacturers, and wood technologists. Data from the USDA Forest Service's (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis program were used to provide a regional assessment of the red maple resource. The analysis includes the location, concentration, volume, quality, and current utilization of red maple in the USFS's 13-state Northeastern Region. Study results indicate red maple is a significant and increasing component of northeastern forests, with Pennsylvania, New York, and Maine holding the largest volumes of red maple. Red maple, expressed as a percentage of USFS hardwood tree grades, is distributed primarily in grades 3 and lower. Finally, development of innovative markets and novel products, understanding consumers via consumer behavior research, and innovative silvicultural treatments will be required to increase the utilization of red maple.North. J. Appl. For. 22(3):181–189.

Download Full-text

Use-Value Assessment Legislation in the United States

Land Economics ◽

10.2307/3145283 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raleigh Barlowe ◽

James G. Ahl ◽

Gordon Bachman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Use Value ◽

Value Assessment

Download Full-text

Measuring Drug Value

The Right Price ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197512883.003.0005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 95-111

Author(s):

Neumann Peter J. ◽

Cohen Joshua T. ◽

Ollendorf Daniel A

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Technology Assessment ◽

Healthcare Costs ◽

New Technologies ◽

American Exceptionalism ◽

The United States ◽

Value Assessment ◽

Federally Funded ◽

The World ◽

Healthcare Rationing

As healthcare costs increased around the world in recent decades, countries incorporated health technology assessment (HTA) into their decisions about which new technologies to pay for and how much they should pay. This chapter describes approaches for drug value assessment that are part of the HTA procedures in these countries, highlighting England and Wales’ National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, perhaps the world’s most visible HTA body. We then describe efforts since the 1980s to introduce HTA in the United States, including Oregon’s Medicaid experiment and the federally funded Office of Technology Assessment. The chapter explores the roots of resistance to these efforts, including the notion of American exceptionalism—the belief that personal and economic freedom is paramount and deep resistance to the idea of healthcare rationing. The resistance, explained at least partly by these factors, ultimately led to a scaling back of HTA in the United States.

Download Full-text