Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Solid organ transplant recipients are at risk of developing malignant tumors, including lung cancer, due to long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. Development of cancer, including lung cancer, in this patient cohort, has a number of peculiarities. Moreover, malignant tumors in these patients are difficult to treat and have a poorer prognosis. This review presents a study of the issues concerning the mechanisms of lung cancer development, screening methods and treatment in solid organ transplant recipients.