Lactate and glutamate dynamics during prolonged stimulation of the rat barrel cortex suggest adaptation of cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism

We questioned whether the prolonged stimulation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) to a short exposure of low-dose capsaicin (Wong et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 257–2580, 1990) could be due to the activation of indirect pathways involving neural reflexes initiated independently in the bronchi and alveoli. Tracheal CBF (CBFtr) was measured temporally in anesthetized groups of 10 dogs by means of heterodyne-mode correlation analysis laser light scattering. To elucidate the site of the afferent neural stimulation and the efferent mediators affecting the ciliated epithelium, capsaicin (3 nM) aerosol was delivered for 4 min, either predominantly to the bronchi or to the alveolar regions, with use of pulsed aerosol techniques. This resulted in 13 pg of bronchial (85%) and 10 pg of alveolar (96%) capsaicin deposited, which caused marked stimulation of CBFtr with maxima at 7 and 35 min, respectively. Prior administration of aerosolized indomethacin to the bronchi or aerosolized cromolyn to the alveoli inhibited the bronchial and alveolar responses, respectively. Prior administration of aerosolized hexamethonium to the tracheal lumen blocked the stimulatory CBFtr responses from both capsaicin challenges. Ipratropium or propranolol aerosols delivered to the tracheal lumen also inhibited these responses. It is proposed that these pathways comprise one set of sensitive mechanisms to ensure a prolonged stimulation of CBF to effect the removal of secretions and the irritant from the lungs.

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Neurosecretory granule release and endocytosis during prolonged stimulation of the rat neurohypophysis in vitro

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/0306-4522(80)90062-7 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 651-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Huguette Lescure ◽

J.J. Nordmann

Keyword(s):

Neurosecretory Granule ◽

Prolonged Stimulation ◽

Granule Release ◽

Stimulation Of

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Dynamics of polysynaptic spinal reflexes during prolonged stimulation of afferent fibers

Neurophysiology ◽

10.1007/bf01063589 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 485-486

Author(s):

�. I. Slivko

Keyword(s):

Spinal Reflexes ◽

Prolonged Stimulation ◽

Afferent Fibers ◽

Stimulation Of

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Sp1 Deacetylation Induced by Phorbol Ester Recruits p300 To Activate 12(S)-Lipoxygenase Gene Transcription

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.26.5.1770-1785.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1770-1785 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Jan-Jong Hung ◽

Yi-Ting Wang ◽

Wen-Chang Chang

Keyword(s):

Histone Deacetylase ◽

Gene Transcription ◽

Phorbol Ester ◽

Gene Promoter ◽

Histone Deacetylase 1 ◽

Prolonged Stimulation ◽

Histone 3 ◽

Lipoxygenase Gene ◽

Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT We previous reported that Sp1 recruits c-Jun to the promoter of the 12(S)-lipoxygenase gene in 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated cells. We now show that Sp1 that recruited HDAC1 to the Sp1/cJun complex was constitutively acetylated when cells were exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (3 h). Prolonged stimulation of the cells with PMA (9 h), however, caused the dissociation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and the deacetylation of Sp1, with the latter being able to recruit p300 that in turn caused the acetylation and dissociation of histone 3, thus enhancing the expression of 12(S)-lipoxygenase. We also overexpressed an Sp1 mutant (K703/A, lacking acetylation sites) in the cell and found that cells recruited more p300 and expressed more 12(S)-lipoxygenase. Taken together, our results indicated that Sp1 recruits HDAC1 together with c-Jun to the gene promoter, followed by deacetylation of Sp1 upon PMA treatment. p300 is then recruited to the gene promoter through the interaction with deacetylated Sp1 to acetylate histone 3, leading to the enhancement of the expression of 12(S)-lipoxygenase.

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