Heat transfer in the core graphite structures of RBMK nuclear power plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 413-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Knoglinger ◽  
H. Wölfl ◽  
A. Kaliatka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
The Core

scholarly journals HEALTH IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES OF THE POPULATION OF THE SURVEILLANCE ZONES NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
V. Prylypko ◽  
◽  
Yu. Ozerova ◽  
I. Bondarenko ◽  
M. Morozova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Terminal Values ◽  
Happy Family

Objective: to determine the place of health in the system of values of the population of the surveillance zone (SZ) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) and its importance in the perception of emergency risks (ER). Materials and methods. To determine the place of health in the value system, a survey of the able-bodied population of satellite cities of Rivne (RNPP) and South Ukrainian (SUNPP) nuclear power plants was conducted using nonrepetitive sampling, where the sampling error does not exceed 7,0 %. The motivational and behavioral component that determined health in the individual hierarchy of values of the subject according to the questionnaire Berezovskaya R. A. was studied. Statistical and mathematical methods were used in the research process. Results. The array of respondents was conditionally divided into 4 groups according to their attitude to human health. And the group where a person’s life position is focused exclusively on health is the most common – 77,0 %. Group IV, which wants to live without limiting itself, is 8,1 %. The component integrity of values-goals and valuesmeans among the urban population of the SZ of both nuclear power plants is the same: the main goal in life is health, happy family life, and as a means – perseverance, diligence and health. Goal values in groups I and IV have some differences: in the first group of respondents the main goal in life is health, and in the fourth, where a person’s life guidelines exclude any restrictions – a happy family life. Values for these populations have some differences, but in both groups health appears to be the main means to an end. There is a close correlation between the core of terminal values and the average indicators of the state of concern about the risk of emergencies. Conclusions. Identified hierarchy of values: a group of stable dominant values; average status values; group of least significant values. The values of the highest status among the values-goals are – health, happy family life and interesting work. Most respondents plan to achieve them through values such as «health», «perseverance and hard work». There is a close correlation between the core of terminal values and the average indicators of the state of concern about the risk of emergencies. Key words: health, values, population, NPP surveillance zone, perception of emergency risks.

Investigation of the Fission Product Release From Molten Pools Under Oxidizing Conditions With the Code RELOS

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo D. Kleinhietpaß ◽  
Hermann Unger ◽  
Hermann-Josef Wagner ◽  
Marco K. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Phase Boundary ◽  
Molten Pool ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Upper Pool

With the purpose of modeling and calculating the core behavior during severe accidents in nuclear power plants system codes are under development worldwide. Modeling of radionuclide release and transport in the case of beyond design basis accidents is an integrated feature of the deterministic safety analysis of nuclear power plants. Following a hypothetical, uncontrolled temperature escalation in the core of light water reactors, significant parts of the core structures may degrade and melt down under formation of molten pools, leading to an accumulation of large amounts of radioactive materials. The possible release of radionuclides from the molten pool provides a potential contribution to the aerosol source term in the late phase of core degradation accidents. The relevance of the amount of transferred oxygen from the gas atmosphere into the molten pool on the specification of a radionuclide and its release depends strongly on the initial oxygen inventory. Particularly for a low oxygen potential in the melt as it is the case for stratification when a metallic phase forms the upper layer and, respectively, when the oxidation has proceeded so far so that zirconium was completely oxidized, a significant influence of atmospheric oxygen on the specification and the release of some radionuclides has to be anticipated. The code RELOS (Release of Low Volatile Fission Products from Molten Surfaces) is under development at the Department of Energy Systems and Energy Economics (formerly Department of Nuclear and New Energy Systems) of the Ruhr-University Bochum. It is based on a mechanistic model to describe the diffusive and convective transport of fission products from the surface of a molten pool into a cooler gas atmosphere. This paper presents the code RELOS, i. e. the features and abilities of the latest code version V2.3 and the new model improvements of V2.4 and the calculated results evaluating the implemented models which deal with the oxygen transfer from the liquid side of the phase boundary to the bulk of the melt by diffusion or by taking into account natural convection. Both models help to estimate the amount of oxygen entering into the liquid upper pool volume and being available for the oxidation reaction. For both models the metallic, the oxidic and a mixture phase can be taken into account when defining the composition of the upper pool volume. The influence of crust formation, i. e. the decrease of the liquid pool surface area is taken care of because it yields the relevant amount of fission products released into the atmosphere. The difference of the partial density between the gas side of the phase boundary and the bulk of the gas phase is the driving force of mass transport.

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