Value orientations of vkontakte users with different strategies for meanings transferring

The paper presents the results of a study of strategies for transferring the meanings and the value orientations of young people in social networks. The Internet is so firmly rooted in our everyday life that we can no longer imagine our life without it. It is penetrating into an increasing number of human life spheres, becoming the environment in which communication, educational and work processes, leisure and shopping take place. Its hard not to notice that the youth audience is especially interested in the virtual environment. The Internet and, in particular, social networks are becoming the environment that influences the formation and development of society, the dissemination of ideas, news, trends. On the Internet, one can observe both the amazing consolidation of users who are able to create a news agenda, and the disunity of many contradictory judgments, meanings and forms of their presentation. The purpose of this study is to identify the strategies for the translation of meanings that Internet users resort to when commenting on posts on social networks, and to study the value orientations of young people using various strategies for the translation of meanings. The study includes the authors questionnaire, the method of diagnosing M. Rokichs value orientations, methods of mathematical statistics (H-Kruskal-Wallis criterion, 22-criterion). Terminal and instrumental values characteristic of the 6 strategies of meanings transferring have been determined; the strategies most often used by users with abstract and concrete terminal values are revealed. The research helps to understand how the transferring of meanings takes place in a network and according to which characteristics of the value sphere users with different strategies for the meanings transferring differ.

The Direct and Indirect Influences of Human Values on Consumer Choices

<p>The aim of the present thesis is to develop a conceptual framework of how consumers' choice of products may be influenced by the human values that they endorse. The framework combines a traditional model of human value influence based in expectancy-value theory (e.g., Scott and Lamont's (1973), Gutman's (1982) and Lindberg, Garling and Montgomery's (1989) attribute-mediation approach), with a new approach based on product meanings, judgements and psychological functions. From the union, a product meaning approach to value influence is suggested which outlines two structures of the value-attitude-behaviour system. Firstly, when consumers are evaluating a product's utilitarian meaning and making a piecemeal judgement, human values may influence the importance of the product's tangible attributes that in turn influence product preference. Secondly, when consumers are evaluating a product's symbolic meaning and making an affective judgement, human values may influence product preference directly. The meaning and judgement elements of the conceptual framework and the traditional attribute-mediation approach were examined in three studies; Study 1 found that the attribute-mediation approach could not fully account for the influence of human values on product preference (Hypothesis 1) and that the inability was greatest for products, such as red meat and overseas holiday destinations, which are likely evaluated on their intangible attributes of symbolic meanings and aesthetics (Hypothesis 2). The second and third studies tested whether the two routes of value influence uncovered in Study 1, that is, the route proposed in the attribute-mediation approach and the alternative, direct route, result from consumers evaluating different product meanings and making different types of judgements. Study 2 developed scales that measure the general publics' product meaning and judgement preferences, and Study 3 associated the meaning and judgement preference scales with the influences of human values on automobile and sunglasses ownerships; confirming the product meaning approach hypothesis that a consumer's preference for utilitarian meaning and for a piecemeal judgement to symbolic meaning and an affective judgement should be greater when his or her human values have an indirect influence on product preference (e.g., via the importance of the product's tangible attributes) than when his or her human values have a direct influence. Besides modelling the cognitive structure through which human values operate when consumers attend to utilitarian and symbolic meanings and make piecemeal and affective judgements, several propositions were made that consumers have a cross-product tendency to prefer the same meanings, judgements and routes of value influence, and that each route of value influence serves a specific psychological function. Concerning the latter, the propositions were made that when consumers attend to symbolic meaning and directly apply their human values, the application serves an expressive psychological function (e.g., self-consistency and social approval), and hence should be associated with greater psychological identification with the product, greater importance assigned to human values in general (e.g., value relevance), and a preference for terminal values to instrumental values. Conversely, when consumers attend to utilitarian meaning and indirectly apply their human values via tangible attribute importances, the application serves an instrumental psychological function (e.g., utility maximisation and control of the environment), and hence should be associated with a weaker psychological identification with the product, weaker value relevance, and a preference for instrumental values to terminal values. Study 4 assessed these propositions by examining the results of Studies 1-3 in detail and by analysing a fourth data set. Support was found for most of the propositions. Qualifications and limitations of the product meaning approach to the influences of human values on consumer choices are discussed, as are the implications of the approach for human value theory and consumer research.</p>

The Direct and Indirect Influences of Human Values on Consumer Choices

<p>The aim of the present thesis is to develop a conceptual framework of how consumers' choice of products may be influenced by the human values that they endorse. The framework combines a traditional model of human value influence based in expectancy-value theory (e.g., Scott and Lamont's (1973), Gutman's (1982) and Lindberg, Garling and Montgomery's (1989) attribute-mediation approach), with a new approach based on product meanings, judgements and psychological functions. From the union, a product meaning approach to value influence is suggested which outlines two structures of the value-attitude-behaviour system. Firstly, when consumers are evaluating a product's utilitarian meaning and making a piecemeal judgement, human values may influence the importance of the product's tangible attributes that in turn influence product preference. Secondly, when consumers are evaluating a product's symbolic meaning and making an affective judgement, human values may influence product preference directly. The meaning and judgement elements of the conceptual framework and the traditional attribute-mediation approach were examined in three studies; Study 1 found that the attribute-mediation approach could not fully account for the influence of human values on product preference (Hypothesis 1) and that the inability was greatest for products, such as red meat and overseas holiday destinations, which are likely evaluated on their intangible attributes of symbolic meanings and aesthetics (Hypothesis 2). The second and third studies tested whether the two routes of value influence uncovered in Study 1, that is, the route proposed in the attribute-mediation approach and the alternative, direct route, result from consumers evaluating different product meanings and making different types of judgements. Study 2 developed scales that measure the general publics' product meaning and judgement preferences, and Study 3 associated the meaning and judgement preference scales with the influences of human values on automobile and sunglasses ownerships; confirming the product meaning approach hypothesis that a consumer's preference for utilitarian meaning and for a piecemeal judgement to symbolic meaning and an affective judgement should be greater when his or her human values have an indirect influence on product preference (e.g., via the importance of the product's tangible attributes) than when his or her human values have a direct influence. Besides modelling the cognitive structure through which human values operate when consumers attend to utilitarian and symbolic meanings and make piecemeal and affective judgements, several propositions were made that consumers have a cross-product tendency to prefer the same meanings, judgements and routes of value influence, and that each route of value influence serves a specific psychological function. Concerning the latter, the propositions were made that when consumers attend to symbolic meaning and directly apply their human values, the application serves an expressive psychological function (e.g., self-consistency and social approval), and hence should be associated with greater psychological identification with the product, greater importance assigned to human values in general (e.g., value relevance), and a preference for terminal values to instrumental values. Conversely, when consumers attend to utilitarian meaning and indirectly apply their human values via tangible attribute importances, the application serves an instrumental psychological function (e.g., utility maximisation and control of the environment), and hence should be associated with a weaker psychological identification with the product, weaker value relevance, and a preference for instrumental values to terminal values. Study 4 assessed these propositions by examining the results of Studies 1-3 in detail and by analysing a fourth data set. Support was found for most of the propositions. Qualifications and limitations of the product meaning approach to the influences of human values on consumer choices are discussed, as are the implications of the approach for human value theory and consumer research.</p>

Value transformation of modern Belarusian society (as results of sociological research)

The article presents the results of the study of the structure of the basic values of the Belarusian society using the method of constructing functional-oriented clusters of basic values by N. I. Lapin. The values that ensure the integration of the population of Belarus as a whole, as well as mediate the inclusion of the individual in the life-supporting, power-political and socio-cultural structures of society, were identified. The analysis of the degree of respondents’ support for basic values, grouped on additional grounds: according to their belonging to terminal (values-goals) or instrumental (values-means) values, and in accordance with cultural types of values (traditional, modern, universal values). It is revealed that the stable integrating core of the basic values of the Belarusian society are the values of human life and order. The recognition of the value and inviolability of human life occupies a dominant position in the hierarchy of basic values of Belarusians. The high level of support for the value of order indicates the great importance for the Belarusian society of stability and the organisation of social relations based on compliance with established laws and norms. However, the means of achievement have changed due to the increased importance of moral choice, which is expressed in the ability to help other people in need, even to the detriment of themselves, and the instrumental value of power, which is manifested in the desire to influence other people. A comparative analysis by year shows that in 2020 there was a serious increase in the importance of the universal group of values due to the decline in the demand for traditional and modern values. As in 2017, terminal values are more significant than instrumental values. Among the values-goals, the greatest support of the population in 2020 is human life, order and freedom; among the values-means – sacrifice and power. In order to study the variability of the value structure, a comparative study of the basic values of different age groups of the population was carried out. The intergenerational axiological analysis showed that in all age groups the integrating components are human life and order. At the same time, in the youth cohort, svoboda also entered the integrating core.

Wartość „dojrzała miłość” w systemie wartości młodzieży

As regards the axiological hierarchy, the love-as-a-gift is particularly important in interperso- nal relations. It means the value of a person-as-a-gift to another person. The complete experience of love between a man and a woman demands its ethical dimension. Its natural fulfilment is marriage as self-giving. Studies conducted among high school youth with the use of Milton Rokeach's RVS Scale, confirm that the value of mature love in the group of terminal values, and the value of loving in the group of instrumental values are highly cherished. The leading (central) position of the analysed values indicates their impact upon young people's behaviour.

HAPPINESS AS A VALUE FOR A PRESCHOOL CHILD

The article is devoted to the explaining of the features of the terminal value of "happiness" at the stage of its appropriation by a child of senior preschool age. The applied diagnostic methods are presented: "Express diagnostics of the sphere of value orientations of a preschooler" and observation "Diagnostics of the levels of manifestation of the activity structural component of the value orientations of senior preschoolers". The structure of values of preschoolers in the unity of their cognitive, emotional and activity components is outlined. The state of formation of the structure value-goal "happiness" of the studied children is characterized. Senior preschoolers' ideas about "happiness" is presented. The level of significance of "happiness" for children in comparison with other important values is determined: "family", "health", "creativity", "friendship", "money", "beauty of nature", "beauty of technology". It is established that "happiness" ranks first among effective values. It is concluded that senior preschoolers feel happy when they are involved in meaningful, independent, creative activities. KEY WORDS: happiness, preschool child, structure of values, terminal values, value regulation.

Research of sociocultural family value in the consciousness of military university cadets

The article examines the sociocultural value of the family in the minds of military university cadets in the light of changes that have occurred in the marriage and family sphere in modern Russian society. The first part of the article reveals relevance of this problem, content of terminal values, their classification and characteristics of individual groups. The article highlights some trends that occurred in the public consciousness of the late XX early XXI centuries concerning the values of the marriage and family sphere. To get a deeper insight into the nature of this problem, the authors studied many works, compared the leading scientific approaches of scientists in the study of terminal values. The article examines theoretical ideas about family and marriage relations and the results of empirical research of social and cultural family values in the minds of students in the framework of teaching at the Department for military and political work, Russian Air Force Military Educational and Scientific Center Air Force Academy Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Major Y.A. Gagarin. The authors provide data from the methods and conduct a detailed qualitative analysis of the level of life-meaning orientations and the most significant terminal values of cadets. The educational impact on cadets in order to form the value of the family in a military University is complex. The content of training programs in the disciplines Psychology, Psychology and Pedagogy, Personnel Management in the armed forces of the Russian Federation is aimed at solving this problem. The article makes an important conclusion that the training of cadets for family life is a significant part of military-political work in a military university, and the adjustment and formation of terminal values of young people in accordance with socially significant values is achievable with a systematic, purposeful psychological and pedagogical process of training cadets for marital and family relationship.

A Mean Field Game of Optimal Portfolio Liquidation

We consider a mean field game (MFG) of optimal portfolio liquidation under asymmetric information. We prove that the solution to the MFG can be characterized in terms of a forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE) with a possibly singular terminal condition on the backward component or, equivalently, in terms of an FBSDE with a finite terminal value yet a singular driver. Extending the method of continuation to linear-quadratic FBSDEs with a singular driver, we prove that the MFG has a unique solution. Our existence and uniqueness result allows proving that the MFG with a possibly singular terminal condition can be approximated by a sequence of MFGs with finite terminal values.

HEALTH IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES OF THE POPULATION OF THE SURVEILLANCE ZONES NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSS

Objective: to determine the place of health in the system of values of the population of the surveillance zone (SZ) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) and its importance in the perception of emergency risks (ER). Materials and methods. To determine the place of health in the value system, a survey of the able-bodied population of satellite cities of Rivne (RNPP) and South Ukrainian (SUNPP) nuclear power plants was conducted using nonrepetitive sampling, where the sampling error does not exceed 7,0 %. The motivational and behavioral component that determined health in the individual hierarchy of values of the subject according to the questionnaire Berezovskaya R. A. was studied. Statistical and mathematical methods were used in the research process. Results. The array of respondents was conditionally divided into 4 groups according to their attitude to human health. And the group where a person’s life position is focused exclusively on health is the most common – 77,0 %. Group IV, which wants to live without limiting itself, is 8,1 %. The component integrity of values-goals and valuesmeans among the urban population of the SZ of both nuclear power plants is the same: the main goal in life is health, happy family life, and as a means – perseverance, diligence and health. Goal values in groups I and IV have some differences: in the first group of respondents the main goal in life is health, and in the fourth, where a person’s life guidelines exclude any restrictions – a happy family life. Values for these populations have some differences, but in both groups health appears to be the main means to an end. There is a close correlation between the core of terminal values and the average indicators of the state of concern about the risk of emergencies. Conclusions. Identified hierarchy of values: a group of stable dominant values; average status values; group of least significant values. The values of the highest status among the values-goals are – health, happy family life and interesting work. Most respondents plan to achieve them through values such as «health», «perseverance and hard work». There is a close correlation between the core of terminal values and the average indicators of the state of concern about the risk of emergencies. Key words: health, values, population, NPP surveillance zone, perception of emergency risks.