Sex differences in the rodent hippocampal opioid system following stress and oxycodone associated learning processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 173294
Author(s):  
Jasna Chalangal ◽  
Sanoara Mazid ◽  
Kyle Windisch ◽  
Teresa A. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Opioid System

Asymmetrical Learning of Locations on Maps: Implicit Learning, Prior Knowledge and Sex Differences

2009 ◽  
pp. 20-50
Author(s):  
David L. Patton ◽  
Robert Earl Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Categorical Information

Women have been reported to have an advantage for the memory of unique objects in space while men have been reported to have an advantage on tests of knowledge of geographic information. The current research considers how prior knowledge and asymmetrical learning processes might be related to this apparent contradiction in the literature concerning spatial cognition. Asymmetrical brains allow us to encode map locations as both categorical and coordinate information. Categorical information is expressed verbally, for instance, “City A is located in the northwest quadrant of the map,” and is easier to learn but not very precise. Coordinate information is more precise but takes longer to learn. Prior knowledge of locations may result in subjects relying more on coordinate information.Human subject testing was used to examine differences in performance when women and men learned and recalled city locations on maps. Learning was achieved through the use of a repeated search task. Results indicated that subjects implicitly learned the locations of cities during the search task. The distribution of the cities on the maps and whether the cities were known or novel affected performance. The evidence supports the assertion that men may have a greater interest in geographic information, and the additional attention they devote to such information allows them to utilize prior knowledge and gives them an advantage when processing well-known places. The evidence also supports the assertion that women may generally have an advantage learning novel maps because they tend to encode more categorical information, and this information is useful for remembering general locations and can be learned faster.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Rat Hippocampal Opioid System After Oxycodone Conditioned Place Preference

Neuroscience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 236-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Ryan ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Natalina H. Contoreggi ◽  
Farah K. Bshesh ◽  
Jason D. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Opioid System

Associative learning and pain? Why stop there?

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Munafo'
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Pain Behaviour ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Specific Learning

It is argued by berkley that there are theoretical reasons why sex differences in pain may result from specific learning processes. I argue that Berkley has not gone far enough in pursuing this suggestion, and that the evidence that learning is a major determinant of pain behaviour is substantial. Moreover, sex differences in pain may represent only a special case of individual differences in pain resulting from learning processes.

A cognitive approach to cumulative technological culture is useful and necessary but only if it also applies to other species

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaud Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Technological Culture ◽  
Social Learning Processes

Abstract The debate on cumulative technological culture (CTC) is dominated by social-learning discussions, at the expense of other cognitive processes, leading to flawed circular arguments. I welcome the authors' approach to decouple CTC from social-learning processes without minimizing their impact. Yet, this model will only be informative to understand the evolution of CTC if tested in other cultural species.

Social epistemic actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pezzulo ◽  
Laura Barca ◽  
Domenico Maisto ◽  
Francesco Donnarumma
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Epistemic Actions ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Online Social Interaction

Abstract We consider the ways humans engage in social epistemic actions, to guide each other's attention, prediction, and learning processes towards salient information, at the timescale of online social interaction and joint action. This parallels the active guidance of other's attention, prediction, and learning processes at the longer timescale of niche construction and cultural practices, as discussed in the target article.

Author response for "Sex differences in the brains of capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus [Cebus] apella )"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Hecht ◽  
Olivia T. Reilly ◽  
Marcela Benítez ◽  
Kimberley A. Phillips ◽  
Sarah Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys
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