Abstract
In multi-stage plug-and-perf horizontal well completions, there are a multitude of moving parts and variables to consider when evaluating performance drivers. Properly identifying performance drivers allows an operator to focus their efforts to maximize the rate of return of resource development. Typically, well-to-well comparisons are made to help identify performance drivers, but in many cases the differences are not clear. Identifying these drivers may require a better understanding of performance variability along a single lateral. Data analytics can help to identify performance drivers using existing data from development activities. In the case study below, multiple diagnostics are utilized to identify performance drivers.
A combination of completion diagnostics including oil and water tracers, stimulation data, reservoir data, 3D seismic, and borehole image logs were collected on a set of wells in the early appraisal phase of a field. Using oil tracers as the best indication of stage level performance along the laterals, data analytics is applied to uncover the relationships between the tracers and the numerous diagnostics.
After smoothing was applied to the dataset, trends between oil tracer recovery, several independent variables and features seen in image logs and 3D seismic were identified. All the analyses pointed to decreasing tracer recovery, and likely decreased oil production, near faulted areas along each lateral. A random forest model showed a moderate prediction power, where the model's predicted tracer recovery on blind stages was able to explain 54% of the variance seen in the tracer response (r2=0.54). This analysis suggests the identification of certain faulted areas along the wellbore could lead to ways of improving individual well economics by adjusting completion design in these areas.
The Use of Borehole Imaging Logs to Optimize Horizontal Well Completions in Fractured Water-flooded Carbonate Reservoirs