Balance in sailing hulls has been most extensively studied by the designers of free sailing model yachts. This paper describes the nature of free sailing which led to this preoccupation, and then explains the controversial theories of Admiral Turner. The correlation between Turner’s criteria for balance and known balanced and unbalanced designs is shown and procedures given for designing boats to those criteria. The paper concludes with speculation about the relationship between theory and practice in this area and suggests areas for further research.