Isolated unilateral proximal interruption of the pulmonary artery: findings of high-resolution computed tomography and three-dimensional volume rendering imaging of the pleura

The mastoid air cell system is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of middle-ear inflammatory disease. The mastoid cavity is not only an air reservoir, but also an active space for gas exchange. Various methods of temporal bone imaging have been designed to investigate mastoid pneumatization. In this study, we examined 100 normal temporal bones for the evaluation of mastoid pneumatization. Mastoid air cell systems were measured by reconstructed axial and coronal high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images. The reconstructions were made by a three-dimensional multiplanar volume rendering (3D MPVR) technique. The mean volume of the mastoid air cell pneumatization was 7.9 cm3 (4.0-14.0 cm3, SD = 2.3 cm3). The ears were allocated to the groups with respect to measured mastoid air cell pneumatization. Twenty-eight per cent of the ears have small pneumatization with an aircell system not exceeding 6 cm3. Fifty-two per cent had an air cell system between six and 10 cm3, and 20 per cent had an air cell system exceeding 10 cm3. With its excellent imaging quality and the ability to eliminate bone and soft tissue, HRCT is the best method for evaluating the mastoid air cell system. The 3D MPVR technique must be used tomeasure the temporal bone/mastoid pneumatization for the best results.

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Automated analysis of three-dimensional xylem networks using high-resolution computed tomography

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03754.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 191 (4) ◽

pp. 1168-1179 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Craig R. Brodersen ◽

Eric F. Lee ◽

Brendan Choat ◽

Steven Jansen ◽

Ronald J. Phillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Automated Analysis ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography

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Performance of pulmonary artery dimensions measured on high-resolution computed tomography scan for identifying pulmonary hypertension

ERJ Open Research ◽

10.1183/23120541.00232-2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 00232-2019

Author(s):

Pailin Ratanawatkul ◽

Andrea Oh ◽

J. Caleb Richards ◽

Jeffrey J. Swigris

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

High Resolution ◽

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Predictive Value ◽

High Specificity ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Right Heart Catheterisation

BackgroundOn high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary artery (PA) dimensions may hint at the presence of pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to determine how accurately various measures of the PA, as viewed on HRCT, predict right heart catheterisation (RHC)-confirmed pulmonary hypertension.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who had HRCT and RHC between 2010 and 2018. Analyses considered respiratory cycle, pulmonary hypertension diagnostic criteria, time between HRCT and RHC, and subgroup analysis in interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ResultsOf 620 patients, 375 had pulmonary hypertension. For pulmonary hypertension (defined as mean PA pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg) and from HRCT performed within 60 days of RHC, main PA diameter (MPAD) ≥29 mm had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 88%, 42%, 0.70 and 0.70, respectively, while ratio of the diameter of the PA to the diameter of the ascending aorta (PA:Ao) ≥1.0 showed 53%, 85%, 0.84 and 0.54, respectively. In general, results were similar when the interval between HRCT and RHC varied from 7 to 60 days and when measured on expiratory images. In ILD, the sensitivity of MPAD was higher; in COPD, the specificity of PA:Ao was higher. There was moderately positive correlation between mPAP and inspiratory MPAD, PA:Ao, right PA diameter (RPAD), left PA diameter (LPAD) and (RPAD+LPAD)/2 (r=0.48, 0.51, 0.34, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively), whereas there was weak negative correlation between mPAP and PA angle (r= −0.24).ConclusionsFindings on HRCT may assist in the diagnosis of RHC-confirmed pulmonary hypertension. MPAD ≥29 mm had high sensitivity and PA:Ao ≥1.0 had high specificity. Compared with the entire cohort, MPAD had greater sensitivity in ILD and PA:Ao had higher specificity in COPD.

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Three-dimensional reconstruction based on images from spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: anatomy and clinical application

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/0022215054797862 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 119 (9) ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Beom-Cho Jun ◽

Sun-Wha Song ◽

Ju-Eun Cho ◽

Chan-Soon Park ◽

Dong-Hee Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

3D Reconstruction ◽

Temporal Bone ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Image Data ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Surface Rendering ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship between various important structures. Using 40 ears from 20 patients with various otological diseases, a 3D reconstruction based on the image data from spiral high-resolution CT was performed by segmentation, volume-rendering and surface-rendering algorithms on a personal computer. The 3D display of the middle and inner ear structures was demonstrated in detail. Computer-assisted measurements, many of which could not be easily measured in vivo, of the reconstructed structures provided accurate anatomic details that improved the surgeon’s understanding of spatial relationships. A 3D reconstruction of temporal bone CT might be useful for education and increasing understanding of the anatomical structures of the temporal bone. However, it will be necessary to confirm the correlation between the 3D reconstructed images and histological sections through a validation study.

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Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Volume Rendering (HRVR) of Computed Tomography Data

The Laryngoscope ◽

10.1288/00005537-199106000-00001 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 573???582 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Richard E. Davis ◽

Marc Levoy ◽

Julian G. Rosenman ◽

Henry Fuchs ◽

Stephen M. Pizer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Volume Rendering ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tomography Data

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Optimal Technique for Catheterizing the Pulmonary Arteries Without Dedicated Pulmonary Catheters

10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0040 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

George Carberry ◽

Michael Brunner

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Computed Tomography Angiography ◽

Femoral Vein ◽

Pulmonary Arteries ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Arteriography ◽

Pulmonary Artery Catheters ◽

Diagnostic Catheter

With the emergence of high-resolution computed tomography angiography, the number of transcatheter pulmonary arteriograms being performed has steeply declined. For this reason, many interventional departments no longer stock dedicated pulmonary artery catheters such as the pre-shaped 7 Fr Grollman catheter for a femoral vein approach. Interventionalists are therefore required to improvise with catheters that are available on hand. Transcatheter pulmonary arteriography may be indicated when dedicated pulmonary artery catheters are not available for use. In this chapter, a step-by-step approach is described and accompanied by illustrations demonstrating how a common diagnostic catheter, the 5 Fr Omniflush catheter, can be used to perform pulmonary arteriography.

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