Electron and photon responses of CWO scintillation crystal

Modern surface analysis is based largely upon the use of ionizing radiation to probe the electronic and atomic structure of the surfaces physical and chemical makeup. In many of these studies the ionizing radiation used as the primary probe is found to induce changes in the structure and makeup of the surface, especially when electrons are employed. A number of techniques employ the phenomenon of radiation induced desorption as a means of probing the nature of the surface bond. These include Electron- and Photon-Stimulated Desorption (ESD and PSD) which measure desorbed ionic and neutral species as they leave the surface after the surface has been excited by some incident ionizing particle. There has recently been a great deal of activity in determining the relationship between the nature of chemical bonding and its susceptibility to radiation damage.

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Dependency of Energy-, Position- and Depth of Interaction Resolution on Scintillation Crystal Coating and Geometry

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science ◽

10.1109/tns.2008.920254 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 1344-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

C.W. Lerche ◽

A. Ros ◽

V. Herrero ◽

R. Esteve ◽

J.M. Monzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depth Of Interaction ◽

Energy Position ◽

Scintillation Crystal

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Relevance of Combined Electron and Photon Beams in Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancers in the Era of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy

Asian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718636 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vinod Pandey ◽

K. C. Pandey ◽

N. K. Pant ◽

L. P. Verma

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Electron Beams ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Head And Neck Cancers ◽

Photon Beams ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Intensity Modulated ◽

Electron And Photon

Abstract Introduction External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for head and neck (H&N) cancers continues to be delivered using varied technologies, ranging from the old two-dimensional conventional radiotherapy (2DRT) techniques to the modern three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in different centers in India. Due to limitations of spinal cord tolerance, electron and photon beams are combined in 2DRT and 3DCRT techniques for treating nodal volume of the H&N cases. However, many centers having modern technology practice IMRT/VMAT in place of electron beams. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of combined electron and photon beams in radiotherapy of H&N cancers and its relevance in the modern era of IMRT/VMAT. Materials and Methods Data were collected through a survey conducted on cancer centers in India where radiotherapy is being given by 2DRT, 3DCRT, and IMR/VMAT for the treatment of head and neck cancers. Results The mean percentage of H&N (H&N) cases among all cases were 39.2% (standard deviation [SD]: 14.22), out of which 16.63% (SD: 20.83) were treated with a combination of photon and electron beams and 49.73% (SD: 37.41) were treated with IMRT/VMAT. The average percentage of H&N cases of government institutes was 38.39% (SD: 14.11) and that of private institutes was 40.14% (SD: 14.11). Patients treated with photon and electron combination and IMRT/VMAT were 22.19% (SD: 11.24) and 24.05% (SD: 23.99), respectively, in government institutes, and 10.29% (SD: 11.24) and 79.09% (SD: 26.75) in private institutes. Conclusion As per this study, we conclude that despite the availability of IMRT/VMAT, a combination of electron and photon beams is still relevant in India. Since a large proportion of the patients are still treated with the electron and photon combination, it is imperative that further studies on field–junction dosimetry should be conducted to ensure accurate dose delivery.

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