Evolutionary implementation of optimal city size distributions

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Fujishima
Keyword(s):  
City Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Optimal City Size

Are Chinese Cities Oversized?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-654
Author(s):  
Daidai Shen ◽  
Jean-Claude Thill ◽  
Jiuwen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
City Size ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Intermediate Solution ◽  
Optimal City Size ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the socioeconomic determinants on urban population in China are empirically investigated with a theoretical equilibrium model for city size. While much of the research on urban size focuses on the impact of agglomeration economies based on “optimal city size” theory, this model is eschewed in our research due to its theoretical paradox in the real world, and we turn instead toward an intermediate solution proposed by Camagni, Capello, and Caragliu. This equilibrium model is estimated on a sample of 111 prefectural cities in China with multiple regression and artificial neural networks. Empirical results have shown that the model explains the variance in the data very well, and all the determinants have significant impacts on Chinese city sizes. Although sample cities have reached their equilibrium sizes as a whole, there is substantially unbalanced distribution of population within the urban system, with a strong contingent of cities that are either squarely too large or too small.

scholarly journals What is the quality of a city? Ways of thinking spaces that change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Contin ◽  
◽  
Valentina Galiulo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
City Size ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
New Public ◽  
Optimal City Size ◽  
Performance Dimensions ◽  
Living Related ◽  
The City

Understanding the effects of a metropolis' changes in scale - the rate of growth and its speed - rather than pursuing the search for optimal city size, is mandatory. The New Urban Agenda discussed performance dimensions of the contemporary city’s functioning mode, knowing that place quality derives from a mutual effect with the society that uses it. However, our research focuses on how city performance dimensions can be measured to establish the values of the metropolitan form that are capable of endowing metropolitan projects with meaning. The Metropolitan Paradigm of inter-scalar connection and the Metropolitan Architecture Project Hybrid Typology are the references to measure the metropolis’ performance. The Metropolitan Paradigm concerns the five city dimensions: physical, economic, energetic, social and governance. In particular, the aim of the paper is to study the physical metropolitan framework and its impact on the lives of metropolitan inhabitants, socio-economic flows and the meaning of the concept of "environment" today. The city is still analysed as a spatial phenomenon represented by data/quantities related to space. Nevertheless, the value of form plays a fundamental role within the Metropolitan Discipline at all scales, as spatial relationships within metropolitan settlements are increasingly not metric but relational. In conclusion, we study the connection between history and geography, environmental issues, the Metropolitan Structural Paradigm, and the new Public Realm heterogeneous elements to represent the metropolitan quality and living-related values that constitute the Metropolitan Democracy’s opportunity.

scholarly journals Departures from Gibrat's Law, Discontinuities and City Size Distributions

Urban Studies ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahjond S. Garmestani ◽  
Craig R. Allen ◽  
Colin M. Gallagher ◽  
John D. Mittelstaedt
Keyword(s):  
City Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Gibrat’S Law ◽  
Gibrat's Law

Individual Preference and Optimal City Size

Urban Studies ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Price
Keyword(s):  
Individual Preference ◽  
City Size ◽  
Optimal City Size

scholarly journals THE SPATIAL MEANING OF PARETO'S SCALING EXPONENT OF CITY-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS

Fractals ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1450001 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANGUANG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
The United States ◽  
City Size ◽  
Fractional Dimension ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Pareto Exponent ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Map Scale ◽  
Dimension Ratio

The scaling exponent of a hierarchy of cities used to be regarded as a fractional dimension. The Pareto exponent was treated as the fractal dimension of size distribution of cities, while the Zipf exponent was considered to be the reciprocal of the fractal dimension. However, this viewpoint is not exact. In this paper, I will present a new interpretation of the scaling exponent of rank-size distributions. The ideas from fractal measure relation and the principle of dimension consistency are employed to explore the essence of Pareto's and Zipf's scaling exponents. The Pareto exponent proved to be a ratio of the fractal dimension of a network of cities to the average dimension of city population. Accordingly, the Zipf exponent is the reciprocal of this dimension ratio. On a digital map, the Pareto exponent can be defined by the scaling relation between a map scale and the corresponding number of cities based on this scale. The cities of the United States of America in 1900, 1940, 1960, and 1980 and Indian cities in 1981, 1991, and 2001 are utilized to illustrate the geographical spatial meaning of Pareto's exponent. The results suggest that the Pareto exponent of city-size distributions is a dimension ratio rather than a fractal dimension itself. This conclusion is revealing for scientists to understand Zipf's law on the rank-size pattern and the fractal structure of hierarchies of cities.

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