Minimizing uncertainty in complete automation of Douglas-Peucker Algorithm for geospatial mapping

It is qualitatively evident that the greater the map scale change, the greater the optimal distance threshold of the Douglas-Peucker Algorithm, which is used in polyline simplification. However, no specific quantitative relationships between them are known by far, causing uncertainties in complete automation of the algorithm. To fill this gap, the current paper constructs quantitative relationships based on the spatial similarity theories of polylines. A quantitative spatial similarity relationship model was proposed and evaluated by setting two groups of control experiments and taking <C, T> as coordinates. In order to realize the automatic generalization of the polyline, we verified whether these quantitative relationships could be fitted using the same function with the same coefficients. The experiments revealed that the unary quadratic function is the best, whether the polylines were derived from different or the same geographical feature area(s). The results also show that using the same optimal distance threshold is unreasonable to simplify all polylines from different geographical feature areas. On the other hand, the same geographical feature area polylines could be simplified using the same optimal distance threshold. The uncertainties were assessed by evaluating the automated generalization results for position and geometric accuracy perspectives using polylines from the same geographic feature areas. It is demonstrated that in addition to maintaining the geographical features, the proposed model maintains the shape characteristics of polylines. Limiting the uncertainties would support the realization of completely automatic generalization of polylines and the construction of vector map geodatabases.

Automation of quality control of digital topographic maps at the scale 1:50 000 of the Main State Topographic Map in Ukraine

This research examines the problem of automation of quality control of digital topographic maps at the scale 1:50 000 of the Main State Topographic Map in Ukraine for the creation and maintaining the seamless topographic database for national needs, which is located on the Geoportal to ensure the development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in Ukraine. The authors determined stages of quality control of digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000 for the automation one according to ISO 19157:2013 Geographic Information – Data quality. The realized automated quality control of geodatabases of updated digital topographic maps at a scale of 1:50 000 provides high speed and quality of validation: validation of quality data elements; validation of quality metadata; validation of positional accuracy. The software package “Validate” was developed for automation quality control geodatabases of digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000 using the Python programming language to verify logical consistency, compliance with the rules of topological relationships between features on the map, availability and content of metadata. The “Validate” can be used for automation quality control geodatabase for any map scale, performing setting according to the requirements of the geospatial models.

Implementation of Landslide Susceptibility Model Using Machine Learning for Semi Detailed Map Scale in Mountainous Region of Java Island

Landslide susceptibility modeling using neural network (ANN) are applied to semi detailed volcanic-sedimentary water catchment. Annually landslide occurred in catchment area frequently in unconsolidated and weathered material combined with uncertainty in rainfall pattern that complicated landslide occurrence. Data used for analysis including landslide inventory, geology, digital elevation related data, distance to stream, and several other available data. Results show that machine learning method yield fair result data based on evaluation on Area under Curve (AUC). Thus, it can be suggested that machine learning methods for landslide susceptibility model could still be develop to produce robust prediction model with different characterization of parameter data and machine learning parameters.

Limestone Sedimentology of The Lengkong Formation at Neglasari District, Sukabumi-West Java, Based on Outcrop and Petrography

Research about Oligo-Miocene limestones in Java has always been interesting to study in order to understand the relationship between tectonic-volcanic, sedimentation, and petroleum potential. The Lengkong limestone formation is interesting to study especially its sedimentology aspects. There is no Scientific Publication about the Lengkong Formation which discusses detailed sedimentology aspects. Those aspects are important to modify the geological map, scale of 1: 50000 which was published by the ministry of energy and mineral resources. This research was conducted to determine the sedimentology process and development of a depositional environment of the Lengkong formation in the Cimapag River. The research area is located in Neglasari, Lengkong District, Sukabumi. The method used includes field surveys and laboratory analysis. A field survey embodies sedimentology data collection and rock sampling, which was then made into a detailed stratigraphic column. Rock samples were analyzed petrographically for 12 samples to determine microfacies. The results cover three limestone facies, namely wackestone, wackestone-packstone, and packstone facies. The sedimentation of the Lengkong Formation indicates a sea-level decrease of the Interbuild Basin Floor to Deep Marine Off reef

RimJump*: Tangent Based Shortest Path Planning for Cluttered 3D Environment

Path planning in 3D environment is a fundamental research area for robots and autonomous vehicles. Based on the principle ``the shortest path consists of tangents'', RimJump* is proposed as a tangent-based path planning method suitable for finding the shortest path (both off-ground and on-ground) in 3D space (e.g., octomap and point cloud) for mobile platform to follow. RimJump* searches the tangent graph in the form of a path tree and considers the geometrical properties of the locally shortest path. Therefore, the method can provide all of the locally shortest paths that connect the starting point and the target, including the globally shortest path. And the time cost of RimJump* is insensitive to map scale increases in comparison to methods that search the whole passable space rather than the surface of the obstacle, e.g., Dijkstra and A*. In the Results, RimJump* is compared with other methods in terms of path length and time cost.

The tectonostratigraphic architecture of the Serbo-Macedonian massif in the Vertiskos and Kerdilion mountains (Northern Greece)

The lithologies and structural features of the exposed rocks of the Serbo-Macedonian massif in the Vertiskos and Kerdilion Mts. have been studied in detail by carrying out km-long cross-sections. Moreover, a new tectonostratigraphic architecture for the massif is proposed, based on the migmatization and anatexis that the rocks pertain, under which the specific exposed rocks have been placed into the Vertiskos and Kerdilion Units. The latter approach differs from the traditional view, which is based solely on the lithological difference between the units. In particular, in the Vertiskos Mt., mica schists, garnet-bearing two-mica gneisses, and predominantly two-mica gneisses, without a sign of anatexis and migmatization, overlie tectonically, biotite gneisses and layered amphibolite gneisses into which migmatization and anatexis takes place. The former constitute the Vertiskos Unit, whereas the latter have been grouped into the Kerdilion Unit, since they are of similar lithologies and affinities with rocks of the Kerdilion Unit. The Kerdilion Mt. is a large antiform made up of biotite gneisses alternating with marbles, which are similarly characterized by intense migmatization and anatexis. These rocks are intruded by the Oreskia granite, which is foliated and follows the general trend of the country rocks. All the rocks are folded with isoclinal to tight folds, and the contact between the two units is a mylonitic shear zone with a top-to-the-SW sense-of-shear. Also, a large volume of ultramafic rocks occurs between the Vertiskos and Kerdilion Mts., including metamorphosed rocks like metagabbros to massive amphibolites, which is assigned to the Therma-Volvi-Gomati Complex (TVGC). These rocks have been found in tectonic contact, i.e., shear zones with top-to-the-SW sense-of-shear, only with the rocks of the Kerdilion Unit. Taking into account our new tectonostratigraphic architecture, the contact between the Vertiskos and Kerdilion Units is not located along the western side of the marbles, as the latter are exposed in the Kerdilion Mt. It is traced westerly in the Vertiskos Mt. dipping with intermediate angles towards the SW, due to NW-trending, map-scale, isoclinal folding. The ultramafic rocks of the TVGC are in tectonic contact with the rocks of the Kerdilion Unit, but not the two-mica gneisses of the Vertiskos Unit, and the Arnea granite intrudes not only the Vertiskos Unit as previously considered, but the rocks of the Kerdilion Unit, as well.

Shear zone development and structurally-controlled skarn ore mineralization in the Rosas district, SW Sardinia.

&lt;p&gt;The Rosas Shear Zone (RSZ) is a 1 km thick brittle-ductile shear zone that outcrops in the Variscan fold and thrust belt foreland of SW Sardinia, where several important ore deposits were mined in the last century. The RSZ lies in the footwall and strikes parallel to the NE-dipping regional thrust that separates the Variscan foreland from the nappe zone. Two thrusts that developed along the limbs of two km-scale overturned antiforms, with NE-dipping axial plane, bound the RSZ. The folds show a SW-facing direction and a well-developed axial plane cleavage, and affect a lower Cambrian-upper Ordovician stratigraphic succession mainly made, from bottom to top, by a sequence about 200 m thick of dolostones and massive limestone followed by 50 m of marly limestones overlain by about 150 m of sandstones, pelites and siltstones, finally unconformable capped by conglomerates and siltstones, ranging in thickness from a few to 200 m. Differently, within the RSZ the bedding is completely transposed along the cleavage and its internal structure is characterized by anastomosing thrusts that affect the stratigraphic succession defining map-scale slices mainly consisting of dolostones and limestones embedded into the siliciclastic formations. It is noteworthy the occurrence of a NE-dipping, up to 100 m thick gabbro-dyke that postdates the deformation phases and that can be related to the exhumation of the chain during late Carboniferous-Permian times.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the whole area, contact metamorphic and metasomatic processes selectively affected the Cambrian carbonate tectonic slices, originating several skarn-type orebodies. Mineralized rocks display the mineralogical assemblages and textures of Fe-Cu-Zn skarns, with relicts of anhydrous calcic phases related to the prograde metamorphic stage (garnet, clinopyroxene, wollastonite), frequently enclosed in a mass of hydrous silicates (actinolitic amphibole, epidote) and magnetite related to the retrograde metasomatic stage, in turn followed by chlorite, sulfides, quartz and calcite associated to the hydrothermal stage. Metasomatic reactions also involved mafic rocks, producing a mineral association marked by clinopyroxene, amphibole, epidote, prehnite and Ba-rich K-feldspar. Sulfide ores are made of prevailing sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena, with abundant pyrite and pyrrhotite and minor tetrahedrite and Ag-sulfosalts. Garnets are andraditic/grossularitic, distinctly zoned and optically anisotropic. Field surveys pointed out the tight structural controls on skarn and ore formation. On a local scale, the gabbro emplacement along high- to low-angle NNW-SSE structures bordering the carbonate tectonic slices accentuate the effects of contact metamorphism, and metric to decametric mineralogical zonation (garnet&amp;#8594;pyroxene&amp;#8594;wollastonite) are recognized. On a larger scale, extensive hydrothermal fluid circulations involved the structures of the RSZ. Infilling of metasomatic fluids in carbonate tectonic slices is fault-controlled and aided by the increase in permeability due to the alteration of prograde silicates. The causative intrusion related to skarn ores belongs to the early Permian (289&amp;#177;1 Ma) ilmenite-series, ferroan granite suite which intrudes the RSZ about 3 km east from the studied area. The Fe-Cu-Zn skarn ores of Rosas are best interpreted as distal, structurally-controlled orebodies, connected to large-scale circulation of granite-related fluids in the km-sized plumbing system represented by the RSZ.&lt;/p&gt;