Microplastics in inland freshwater environments with different regional functions: A case study on the Chengdu Plain

2021 ◽  
pp. 147938
Author(s):  
Xintong Li ◽  
Ruifeng Liang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Yaodan Zhang ◽  
Yuanming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Distribution, transfer, and time-dependent variation of Cd in soil-rice system: A case study in the Chengdu plain, Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 104367
Author(s):  
Siwei Deng ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Yating Wang ◽  
Shiqian Xie ◽  
Zongxin Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
System A

Migration strategies supporting salmonids in Arctic Rivers: A case study of Arctic Cisco and Dolly Varden

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Michael P. Carey ◽  
Vanessa R. von Biela ◽  
Randy J. Brown ◽  
Christian E. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Arctic Rivers ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Abstract Amphidromous fish such as Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) have distinct life histories that facilitate their success in Arctic environments. Both species spawn in freshwater and make annual migrations between marine, brackish, or freshwater environments. Dolly Varden rear for one or more years in freshwater before migrating to sea whereas Arctic Cisco migrate to sea during their first summer. By contrast, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) spawn in freshwater, but once they smolt and go to sea they remain there until they mature and return to spawn. Salmon migrate at variable ages depending on species. Arctic marine environments offer productive food resources during summer, but during winter they are too cold for salmonids that lack antifreeze proteins. To avoid the cold sea during winter, Dolly Varden return to freshwater while Arctic Cisco overwinter in brackish estuaries. The lack of migration back to freshwater for overwintering helps explain why Pacific salmon success is limited in Arctic waters and suggests major increases in success will not be realized until Arctic seas provide suitable overwinter conditions. In this paper we contrast these migration strategies, discuss potential changes in a warming Arctic, and highlight information needs especially for juvenile fish.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

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