Biosynthesis, protease optimization and purification of alkaline serine from Shewanella algae and its potential application as silver recovery

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme, which is predominately found in all parts of a pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It has immense application in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in food, cosmetic, and leather industries. However, bromelain from pineapple fruit peels is a less explored source for making valuable products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize and investigate the potential application of bromelain enzyme extracted from pineapple juice processing waste peels in gelatin hydrolysis and removal of silver from X-ray films. Extraction of bromelain was performed with a 1 : 2 ratio (w/v) of the extraction mix, pineapple fruit peel, in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0). The activity of a crude enzyme was 7.2 U/ml, and it was active in a broad range of pH (2.5–12) and temperature (25–85°C) without losing its activity. This implies that the enzyme is heat tolerant. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were recorded at 70°C and pH 7.0, respectively. At optimum conditions (70°C and pH 7.0), complete hydrolysis of the gelatin layer from X-ray film was observed at 30 and 34 seconds, respectively. The enzyme was repeatedly used more than 50 times without significant loss of its activity. Using a minimum concentration of bromelain (3 ml = 21.6 U) along with phosphate buffer (37 ml), it is possible completely to remove gelatin within 210 seconds. The properties of the enzyme showed that it has promising potential industrial applications for repeated utilization of the enzyme in both silver recovery and recycling of the X-ray film base.

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Post-mortem Peyer’s patches: Their potential application in forensic medicine

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology ◽

10.1080/08923970902902437 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 00 (00) ◽

pp. 090513010017019-7

Author(s):

Biagio Solarino ◽

Giancarlo Di Vella ◽

Thea Magrone ◽

Felicita Jirillo ◽

Angela Tafaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forensic Medicine ◽

Potential Application ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Post Mortem

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Immunomodulation using genetically engineered bacteria for type III-mediated delivery of heterologous antigens and cytokines: Potential application in vaccine and therapeutical developments

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology ◽

10.1080/08923970902817890 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 00 (00) ◽

pp. 090924084723050-4

Author(s):

Mustapha Chamekh

Keyword(s):

Potential Application ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Type Iii ◽

Genetically Engineered Bacteria ◽

Heterologous Antigens ◽

Engineered Bacteria

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Comparison of Caseinolytic and Fibrinolytic Assays for Plasmin (Fibrinolysin) in “Fibrinolytic Agents”

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649426 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 15 (01/02) ◽

pp. 252-272

Author(s):

K. M Moser ◽

Mary Belle Frey

Keyword(s):

Linear Relationship ◽

Potential Application ◽

Fibrinolytic Agents ◽

Linear Portion

Summary1. Caseinolytic and fibrinolytic systems for assay of plasmin in fibrinolytic agents are described which are based upon the determinations of AE/min during the linear portion of the casein-plasmin and fibrin-plasmin reaction curves respectively. A " caseinolytic-rate " unit and “fibrinolytic-rate " unit of ÄE/min × 103 during the linear portion of the respective curves are proposed.2. Data are presented indicating that a reliably linear relationship exists between plasmin concentration and these caseinolytic - and fibrinolytic-rate units.3. Data comparing results obtained with the proposed assay techniques and previously-used casein and fibrinolytic techniques are presented.4. Formulae by which caseinolytic-rate and fibrinolytic-rate units can be roughly converted into Remmert-Cohen type plasmin units are offered.5. The theoretical and practical problems which have influenced development of assays for fibrinolytic components are discussed.6. The advantages of the plasmin “rate unit” techniques vis a vis existing assays are delineated.7. The potential application of the techniques to measurements other than the plasmin content of fibrinolytic agents is discussed.

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