phosphate buffer
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Ponnada ◽  
Demudu Babu Gorle ◽  
Maryam Sadat Kiai ◽  
Venkateswara raju Chikkili ◽  
M. Faraji ◽  
...  

A pioneering CuBTABB-MOF/rGO composite customized electrode is fabricated and utilized as a sensor towards identifying Bisphenol A (BPA) ina phosphate buffer solution of pH7.0. Composite is characterized by FTIR, Raman...


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Pillai ◽  
Ahmed H. Mekkawy ◽  
Sarah Valle ◽  
Javed Akhter ◽  
David L Morris

Respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, bronchiectasis asthma and COVID-19 are difficult to treat owing to viscous secretions in the airways that evade mucocilliary clearance. Since earlier studies have shown success with BromAc as mucolytic agent for treating a rare disease known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), we tested the formulation on two gelatinous airway representative sputa models, in order to determine whether similar efficacy exist. The sputum (1.5 ml) lodged in an endotracheal tube was treated to aerosolised N-acetylcysteine, bromelain, or their combination (BromAc) using a nebuliser with 6.0 ml of the agents in phosphate buffer saline, over 25 min. Controls received phosphate buffer saline. The dynamic viscosity was measured before and after treatment using a capillary tube method, whilst the sputum flow (ml/sec) was assessed using a 0.5 ml pipette. Finally, the sequestered agents (concentration) in the sputa after treatment were quantified using standard bromelain and N-acetylcysteine chromogenic assays. Results indicated that bromelain and N-acetylcysteine affected both the dynamic viscosities and pipette flow in the two sputa models, with changes in the former parameter having immense effect on the latter. BromAc showed a greater rheological effect on both the sputa models compared to individual agents. Further, correlation was found between the rheological effects and the concentration of agents in the sputa. Hence, this study indicates that BromAc may be used as a successful mucolytic for clearing airway congestion caused by thick mucinous immobile secretion, however further studies with patient sputum samples using aerosol BromAc is warranted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (SpecialIssue) ◽  
pp. 370-376
Author(s):  
Abd Hakim S

This study aims to characterize the phosphate buffer and urease enzymes through UV-Vis and SEM-EDS absorbance spectra using tungsten as an indicator electrode. The method used is a potentiometric biosensor with urease enzyme immobilization technique for urea analyte. A small detection range of 10-5-10-4M has been studied with PVA-enzyme coated indicator electrodes coated with PVC-KTpClPB. On this basis, the researchers increased the detection range by analyzing glutaraldehyde (GA) mixed with PVA-enzyme and o-NPOE mixed with PVC-KTpClPB. The best results of GA mixed PVA-enzyme at GA2.9% UV-Visible analysis. The best results were PVA-enzyme coated indicator electrodes coated with GA coated again with PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE SEM-EDS analysis on PVA-enzyme samples 3x coated with GA 1x and PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE 1x with o-NPOE variation of 61% and 66%.


INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Satish A. Patel ◽  
Bhoomi H. Patel ◽  

A simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and cost-effective pH independent spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of triamcinolone acetonide in nasal sprays. Estimation was carried out at the isosbestic point of drug solutions, Isosbestic point was measured by scanning equimolar solution of triamcinolone acetonide separately in phosphate buffer pH 3.0, phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and phosphate buffer pH 10.0 at a concentration of 10 µg mL-1. They were scanned in the wavelength range of 200-400 nm. The isosbestic point was found to be 230.0 nm in acidic, basic and neutral condition; hence pH independent wavelength 230 nm was used for estimation of triamcinolone acetonide. The method observed linear response in the concentration range of 3-18 µg mL-1 at 230 nm. Developed method has been validated in accordance with ICH guideline Q2 R1 for several parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The developed and validated analytical method was successfully applied to the estimation of triamcinolone acetonide in marketed nasal spray formulations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315
Author(s):  
Jamsari Jamsari ◽  
Muhammad Arif Setia ◽  
Bastian Nova ◽  
Lily Syukriani ◽  
Siti Nur Aisyah ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
FIRMAN GUSTAMAN ◽  
KENI IDACAHYATI ◽  
WINDA TRISNA WULANDARI ◽  
FAJAR SETIAWAN ◽  
INDRA INDRA

Objective: Simvastatin is a drug used as a first-line anti-cholesterol in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Low solubility will affect its ability to penetrate the digestive tract membrane and will affect the amount of drug levels in the plasma. The use of Cremophor-EL as a surfactant has been shown to inhibit the action of P-glycoprotein so that it can increase the bioavailability of a drug and can increase the effect of a drug. Methods: The preparation of simvastatin tablets was carried out using the wet granulation method. The dissolution test used the paddle method, a speed of 50 rpm at a temperature of 37±0.5 ° C with a phosphate buffer pH 7.0 as the dissolution medium. Results: The results showed that at 30 min the generic simvastatin tablets had 81.52% dissolution and the Simvastatin Tablets with Cremophor-EL were 85.520%. Conclusion: Simvastatin cremophor-EL tablets are more dissolved than generic simvastatin at 30 min so that cremophor-EL simvastatin tablets have a better dissolution rate than generic simvastatin tablets.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1966
Author(s):  
Ikuo Nakanishi ◽  
Yoshimi Shoji ◽  
Kei Ohkubo ◽  
Shunichi Fukuzumi

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to quantum mechanical behavior in biology. In this study, we investigated the involvement of quantum mechanical tunneling in the hydrogen-transfer reaction from Trolox, a water-soluble analog of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) in a phosphate buffer solution (0.05 M, pH 7.0). DPPH• was used as a reactivity model of reactive oxygen species and solubilized in water using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The second-order rate constants, kH and kD, in 0.05 M phosphate buffer solutions prepared with H2O (pH 7.0) and D2O (pD 7.0), respectively, were determined for the reaction between Trolox and DPPH•, using a stopped-flow technique at various temperatures (283–303 K). Large kinetic isotope effects (KIE, kH/kD) were observed for the hydrogen-transfer reaction from Trolox to the β-CD-solubilized DPPH• in the whole temperature range. The isotopic ratio of the Arrhenius prefactor (AH/AD = 0.003), as well as the isotopic difference in the activation energies (19 kJ mol−1), indicated that quantum mechanical tunneling plays a role in the reaction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takio Inatomi ◽  
Mihoko Honma

AbstractThe role of probiotics in mitigating constipation, gut immunity, and gut microbiota has not been well studied. We aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on loperamide (LP)-induced constipation in Sprague–Dawley rats. Altogether, 150 male Sprague–Dawley rats (age 8 weeks) were used in the experiments following a 12-day acclimatisation period and were randomly divided into three treatment groups (groups 1, 2, and 3). Spastic constipation was induced via oral LP administration (3 mg/kg) for 6 days, 1 h before administering each test compound in groups 1 and 2. A probiotic solution (4 mL/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 6 days in group 2. In group 1, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days, 1 h after each LP administration. In group 3, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days. In the probiotic group, faecal parameters improved; faecal n-butyric acid, acetic acid, and IgA concentrations were increased; intestinal transit time was shortened; and disturbance of intestinal microbiota was inhibited. Our findings suggest that this probiotic was useful in improving various symptoms caused by constipation.


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