A multiplex serological assay for the characterization of IgG immune response to SARS-CoV-2

In the fight against SARS-COV-2, the development of serological assays based on different antigenic domains represent a versatile tool to get a comprehensive picture of the immune response or differentiate infection from vaccination beyond simple diagnosis. Here we use a combination of the Nucleoprotein (NP), the Spike 1 (S1) and Spike 2 (S2) subunits, and the receptor binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD) of the Spike antigens from the CoViDiag® multiplex IgG assay, to follow the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection over a long time period and depending on disease severity. Using a panel of 209 sera collected from 61 patients up to eight months after infection, we observed that most patients develop an immune response against multiple viral epitope, but anti-S2 antibodies seemed to last longer. For all the tested IgGs, we have found higher responses for hospitalized patients than for non-hospitalized ones. Moreover the combination of the five different IgG responses increased the correlation to the neutralizing antibody titers than if considered individually. Multiplex immunoassays have the potential to improve diagnostic performances, especially for ancient infection or mild form of the disease presenting weaker antibody responses. Also the combined detection of anti-NP and anti-Spike-derived domains can be useful to differentiate vaccination from viral infection and accurately assess the antibody potential to neutralize the virus.

EVALUATION OF EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING COVID-19 TOWARD STUDENTS’ PSYCHOLOGY

The Covid-19 virus disease affects the entire world, including the education system and its impact on students' psychology. The goal of this study is to learn how the education system transitioned from offline or face-to-face teaching learning to online teaching-learning mode at Putera Batam University for the teaching-learning process and semester exams via online during COVID-19. In this study, the descriptive qualitative approach was used to discover students' psychology in online learning. In order to overcome these issues, the purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of online teaching and learning activities taking place during the lockdown period, including the link between the change management process and online teaching and learning processes in the education system in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak. Ongoing disruption and resumption of educational activities and discourse as normal procedures in the education system. The data were analyzed using Wile (Syahputri et al., 2020) and Miles Huberman and Saldana (2014). They were 110 students as respondents (B.Miles et al., 2014). The result found that students fatigued 100%, they felt headache, tired, shoulder sore 85%, demotivation 21%, withdrawal, and procrastination 70%, bad time management about 76%, and Feeling Isolated 85% and Uncertainty to what the lecturer/friends explain during the class 75%.

A survey on extremism analysis using natural language processing: definitions, literature review, trends and challenges

Extremism has grown as a global problem for society in recent years, especially after the apparition of movements such as jihadism. This and other extremist groups have taken advantage of different approaches, such as the use of Social Media, to spread their ideology, promote their acts and recruit followers. The extremist discourse, therefore, is reflected on the language used by these groups. Natural language processing (NLP) provides a way of detecting this type of content, and several authors make use of it to describe and discriminate the discourse held by these groups, with the final objective of detecting and preventing its spread. Following this approach, this survey aims to review the contributions of NLP to the field of extremism research, providing the reader with a comprehensive picture of the state of the art of this research area. The content includes a first conceptualization of the term extremism, the elements that compose an extremist discourse and the differences with other terms. After that, a review description and comparison of the frequently used NLP techniques is presented, including how they were applied, the insights they provided, the most frequently used NLP software tools, descriptive and classification applications, and the availability of datasets and data sources for research. Finally, research questions are approached and answered with highlights from the review, while future trends, challenges and directions derived from these highlights are suggested towards stimulating further research in this exciting research area.

STRATEGI POLITIK H. SYAMSURI AL PADA PEMILU LEGISLATIF TAHUN 2014 DAN TAHUN 2019

The research was carried out in Dapil II (Central Ilir, Tebo Ilir and Tabir). This location was chosen purposively, that is, on purpose. Considering that H. Syamsuri AL is a member of the legislature in the Dapil II region where in the 2014 Election H. Sayamsuri AL failed to occupy a legislative seat because he lost votes to other candidates and in the 2019 Election in the same Dapil region H. Syamsuri AL won votes from other candidates so that he became one of the elected candidates and occupied the legislative seat of Tebo Regency. This research was conducted from June 2021 to August 2021. To obtain the data needed in this study used various techniques, namely Interview, Observation and Documentation. The types of data that will be used in the study are primary data and secondary data. Data that has been collected, processed and used qualitative research and domain analysis to obtain a general and comprehensive picture of the object by explaining analysis techniques during the field, and carried out interactively through the process of data reduction, data display and verification. The results showed that the political strategy of H. Syamsuri AL in the 2014 election was an enterprise strategy without a personal door to door approach and H. Syamsuri AL's political strategy in the 2019 election was also to use an enterprise strategy with a personal door to door approach and also carry out religious activities and social activities. . The factors that caused the defeat of H. Syamsuri Al in the 2014 Election were the presence of political opponents who were incumbent for 2 periods from the same supporting party, the formulation of uncertain targets, communication with the success team and unclear strategy control, the absence of target groups, key instruments and witnesses at the polling stations. The factor that caused H. Syamsuri Al's victory in the 2019 Election was that H. Syamsuri Al used a large number of successful teams, a personal door to door approach, carried out religious activities and social activities, as chairman of the PAN party and target groups, implemented clear concepts.

Characteristics of the Wind and Wave Climate along the European Seas Focusing on the Main Maritime Routes

European seas have a strong economic role both in terms of transport and tourism. Providing more knowledge, regarding the mean and extreme values of the wind and sea state conditions in the areas characterized by high maritime traffic, helps to improve navigational safety. From this perspective, six zones with high maritime traffic are studied. ERA5 database, a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset provided by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), is used to assess the average values and the percentiles for the wind speed and the main wave parameters in the target areas considering the period 2001–2020. The main European routes and the extreme conditions along them as well as the areas characterized by high values of wind speed and high waves were also identified. A more comprehensive picture of the expected dynamics of the environmental matrix along the most significant shipping routes is useful because in this way the most dangerous areas could be avoided by ships for the safety of passengers and transported goods.

Temporal–spectral signaling of sensory information and expectations in the cerebral processing of pain

The perception of pain is shaped by somatosensory information about threat. However, pain is also influenced by an individual’s expectations. Such expectations can result in clinically relevant modulations and abnormalities of pain. In the brain, sensory information, expectations (predictions), and discrepancies thereof (prediction errors) are signaled by an extended network of brain areas which generate evoked potentials and oscillatory responses at different latencies and frequencies. However, a comprehensive picture of how evoked and oscillatory brain responses signal sensory information, predictions, and prediction errors in the processing of pain is lacking so far. Here, we therefore applied brief painful stimuli to 48 healthy human participants and independently modulated sensory information (stimulus intensity) and expectations of pain intensity while measuring brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). Pain ratings confirmed that pain intensity was shaped by both sensory information and expectations. In contrast, Bayesian analyses revealed that stimulus-induced EEG responses at different latencies (the N1, N2, and P2 components) and frequencies (alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations) were shaped by sensory information but not by expectations. Expectations, however, shaped alpha and beta oscillations before the painful stimuli. These findings indicate that commonly analyzed EEG responses to painful stimuli are more involved in signaling sensory information than in signaling expectations or mismatches of sensory information and expectations. Moreover, they indicate that the effects of expectations on pain are served by brain mechanisms which differ from those conveying effects of sensory information on pain.

Evidence-Based Virtual Reality Use for Mental Health Conditions

The advancements in immersive technologies have impacted various sectors, with mental healthcare being one of them. The subsequent interaction between immersive technologies, particularly virtual reality and mental health, has created interesting effects that call for a closer look. This chapter intends to provide a comprehensive picture of mental health conditions, namely anxiety and related disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder, as tackled by VR-based therapy. The focus is on its effectiveness and how the results compare to the traditional modes of treatment in terms of efficacy. The impact of user experience towards this approach of intervention and the importance of ethical consideration when VR intersects with the field of mental health are addressed.

Grandparent Caregiver Wellbeing: A Strengths-Based Approach Utilizing the Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) Framework

Grandparent caregivers experience a complex web of rewards and challenges as the primary source of support for their grandchildren. Consistent with the trend towards a more positive framing of grandparent caregiving, this paper explores the grandparent caregiver experience through a strengths-based approach and makes the case for Seligman's Wellbeing Theory, or PERMA model, being used to support research, programming, and policy. A scoping review of 16 current empirical articles relevant to grandparent caregiver wellbeing revealed the experience of grandparent caregivers aligns well with the five components of Seligman’s PERMA model: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Using this framework with grandparent caregivers, both in theory and in practice, can provide relevant stakeholders with a more comprehensive picture of the needs of this population, enabling them to more effectively support wellbeing for grandparent caregivers and positive developmental outcomes for the growing number of children in their care.

Straight to the (Revenue) Source: Contextual and Individual-Level Determinants of Attitudes Toward Local Taxes

In this article, we investigate the relative roles of local tax policies and respondent attitudes and characteristics in shaping support for local taxes. Using a unique set of survey data collected across dozens of cities over several years, combined with contextual data on local tax systems, we can offer a comprehensive picture of who supports, and who opposes local taxes. The contributions of our approach are three-fold: We use measures of satisfaction with local taxes, using data gathered across dozens of localities; we incorporate measures of the local tax systems to help account for city-to-city variation in local tax attitudes; and we incorporate measures of racial attitudes to account for an important non-material element heretofore not incorporated in studies of local tax attitudes. Integrating these factors into an explanation of local tax policies rounds out and offers a more realistic understanding of attitudes in this critical policy area.

“Modification, Destruction and Burning”: A Research toward the Development Process of Xiamen Dada

This article reconstructs Xiamen Dada’s development process via its artworks, correspond-ence, and documentary materials. The image analysis and interpretive content analysis have been used in the research toward the materials above. This study fulfilled the lack of the specific mate-rials analysis in the previous studies on Xiamen Dada. It demonstrates a more comprehensive picture of the reaction when Xiamen Dada copes with the social influence. This paper will serve as a foundational source for further cross-disciplinary culture study.