scholarly journals Mammalian germ cell development: from mechanism to in vitro reconstitution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitinori Saitou
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution

In vitro reconstitution of germ cell development†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution ◽  
Key Issues

Abstract Germ cell development is a series of highly specialized processes through which diploid pluripotent cells differentiate into haploid gametes. The processes include biologically important events such as epigenetic reprogramming, sex determination, and meiosis. The mechanisms underlying these events are key issues in reproductive and developmental biology, yet they still remain elusive. As a tool to elucidate these mechanisms, in vitro gametogenesis, which reproduces germ cell development in culture, has long been sought for decades. Recently, methods of in vitro gametogenesis have undergone rapid development in association with stem cell biology, opening many possibilities in this field. This new technology is considered an alternative source of gametes for the reproduction of animals and perhaps humans. This review summarizes current advances and problems in in vitro gametogenesis.

In vitro reconstitution of the whole male germ-cell development from mouse pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Ishikura ◽  
Hiroshi Ohta ◽  
Takuya Sato ◽  
Yusuke Murase ◽  
Yukihiro Yabuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Male Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution

scholarly journals Modelling germ cell development in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 501-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Childs ◽  
P. T.K. Saunders ◽  
R. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Development In Vitro

scholarly journals 253.Follicle stimulating-hormone (FSH) withdrawal induces germ cell apoptosis in the mature rat testis in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
S. M. Degen ◽  
P. G. Stanton ◽  
K. L. Loveland ◽  
S. J. Meachem
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Sperm Output ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Germ Cell Proliferation

FSH is a key determinant of adult sperm output influencing both Sertoli and germ cell development. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of FSH action on Sertoli and germ cell proliferation and survival in vitro, and to identify FSH-regulated genes that may underpin these responses. Testis fragments from 17-day-old rats were cultured with recombinant human FSH for 2 or 24 h and then labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to identify proliferating cells. The testis fragments were then processed for analysis of cell numbers by stereology, BrdU incorporation by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis by TUNEL. The TUNEL assay revealed that without FSH, spermatogonial apoptosis was induced to 195% and 179% (P�<�0.05) compared to fragments with FSH after 2 and 24 h, respectively. No difference in apoptosis was observed in spermatocyte or Sertoli cell populations at these time points. No differences in Sertoli or germ cell proliferation were observed with or without FSH. To understand how FSH mediates spermatogonial apoptosis the response of 5 testicular genes of interest was examined. Expression of cyclin D2 (cell cycle, G1-S), N-cadherin (N-Cad; adhesion molecule), Bax (pro-apoptotic), Bcl-w (anti-apoptotic), and stem cell factor (SCF; pro-apoptotic and other functions) was elevated to 151%, 348%, 209%, 258%, and 198%, respectively (all P�<�0.001), in fragments cultured without FSH for 24 h, compared to fragments with FSH. No gene expression differences were observed at 2 h, except for SCF, which was elevated to 135% (P�<�0.01). In conclusion, these studies have examined apoptosis and proliferation activities simultaneously in testis fragments in vitro, and demonstrated that FSH withdrawal induces both spermatogonial apoptosis and expression of testicular genes known to be involved in cell survival. This model will now be used to further investigate FSH-mediation of Sertoli and germ cell development.

Reconstitution of Germ Cell Development In Vitro

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Shihori Yokobayashi ◽  
Mitinori Saitou
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Development In Vitro

scholarly journals Stem cells, in vitro gametogenesis and male fertility

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. F79-F91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Nagamatsu ◽  
Katsuhiko Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Stem Cell Technology ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Future Challenges

Reconstitution in culture of biological processes, such as differentiation and organization, is a key challenge in regenerative medicine, and one in which stem cell technology plays a central role. Pluripotent stem cells and spermatogonial stem cells are useful materials for reconstitution of germ cell development in vitro, as they are capable of differentiating into gametes. Reconstitution of germ cell development, termed in vitro gametogenesis, will provide an experimental platform for a better understanding of germ cell development, as well as an alternative source of gametes for reproduction, with the potential to cure infertility. Since germ cells are the cells for ‘the next generation’, both the culture system and its products must be carefully evaluated. In this issue, we summarize the progress in in vitro gametogenesis, most of which has been made using mouse models, as well as the future challenges in this field.

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