Construction and evaluation of gold standards for patent classification—A case study on quantum computing

A Methodology for Evaluation and Distribution of Patent Applications to INPI-BR Patent Examiners: A Case Study in the Electricity Field

10.5772/intechopen.98400 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cesar Vianna Moreira Júnior ◽

Daniel Marques Golodne ◽

Ricardo Carvalho Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Patent Classification ◽

Technological Field ◽

International Patent ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Pca Method ◽

Patent Applications ◽

Examination Process

This paper presents the development of a new methodology for evaluation and distribution of patent applications to the examiners at the Brazilian Patent Office considering a specific technological field, represented by classification of the application according to the International Patent Classification (IPC), and the variables corresponding to the volume of data of the application and its complexity for the examination process. After identifying the most relevant variables, such as the Specific Areas of Expertise (ZAE) of the examiners, a mathematical model was developed, including: (a) application of the principal component analysis (PCA) method; (b) calculation of a General Complexity Ratio (IGC); (c) classification into five classes (very light, light, moderate, heavy and very heavy) according to IGC average ranges and standard deviations; (d) implementation of a logic of distribution, compensating very heavy applications with very light ones, and light applications with heavy ones; and (e) calculation of a Distribution Balancing Ratio (IBD), considering the differences between the samples’ medians. The model was validated using a sample of patent applications including, in addition to the identified variables, the time for substantive examination by the examiner. Then, a correlation analysis of the variables with time and a comparison of the classifications according to the time and the IGC generated by the model were carried out. The results obtained showed a high correlation of the IGC with time, above 80%, as well as correct IGC classes in more than 80% of applications. The model proposed herein suggests that the three main relevant variables are: total number of pages, total number of claims, and total number of claim pages.

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Values-based organization – Ritz Carlton Abu Dhabi Hotel

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies ◽

10.1108/eemcs-06-2013-0115 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Khaleel Ibrahim Alsabbagh ◽

Syed Zamberi Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Customer Service ◽

Service Industry ◽

Business Management ◽

Subject Area ◽

Organization Culture ◽

Abu Dhabi ◽

Content Type ◽

Gold Standards

Subject area Business management, organization behaviour, organization values, organization culture, customer service. Study level/applicability The case study is suitable for undergraduate courses, particularly business management and related areas. Case overview Ritz Carlton Hotel is one of the luxurious hotels which has expanded internationally in the last 30 years and recently opened its iconic hotel Abu Dhabi Grand Canal. Ritz Carlton offers unique experiences to its customers, which are driven by the embedded “Gold Standards” and values. It has enabled the Ritz Carlton to redefine the hospitability experience and create a competitive advantage. In this case study, the experience of opening this Abu Dhabi hotel is explored with reflections on their “Gold Standards” and the values which have resulted in the Ritz Carlton being benchmarked as a best service company. This made Ritz Carlton to change the way it redefines its business by not being just a hotel, but rather a company which creates memories and experiences for customers. Expected learning outcomes Discussing the essential factors that contribute to the success of companies in the service industry, with a focus on organization values and living these values in order to achieve competitive advantage. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

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Leveraging label hierarchy using transfer and multi-task learning: A case study on patent classification

Neurocomputing ◽

10.1016/j.neucom.2021.07.057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Segun Taofeek Aroyehun ◽

Jason Angel ◽

Navonil Majumder ◽

Alexander Gelbukh ◽

Amir Hussain

Keyword(s):

Patent Classification ◽

Task Learning

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Gold standards and expert panels: a pulmonary nodule case study with challenges and solutions

10.1117/12.544716 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dave P. Miller ◽

Kathryn F. O"Shaughnessy ◽

Susan A. Wood ◽

Ronald A. Castellino

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Nodule ◽

Gold Standards

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Gauging a Firm’s Innovative Performance Using an Integrated Structural Index for Patents

Journal of Data and Information Science ◽

10.20309/jdis.201603 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 6-27

Author(s):

Xiaojun Hu ◽

Ronald Rousseau

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Structural Index ◽

Innovative Performance ◽

Patent Classification ◽

Innovation Activities ◽

International Patent ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Structural Indices ◽

Control Methodology

AbstractPurposeIn this contribution we try to find new indicators to measure characteristics of a firm’s patents and their influence on a company’s profits.Design/methodology/approachWe realize that patent evaluation and influence on a company’s profits is a complicated issue requiring different perspectives. For this reason we design two types of structural h-indices, derived from the International Patent Classification (IPC). In a case study we apply not only basic statistics but also a nested case-control methodology.FindingsThe resulting indicator values based on a large dataset (19,080 patents in total) from the pharmaceutical industry show that the new structural indices are significantly correlated with a firm’s profits.Research limitationsThe new structural index and the synthetic structural index have just been applied in one case study in the pharmaceutical industry.Practical implicationsOur study suggests useful implications for patentometric studies and leads to suggestions for different sized firms to include a healthy research and development (R&D) policy management. The structural h-index can be used to gauge the profits resulting from the innovative performance of a firm’s patent portfolio.Originality/valueTraditionally, the breadth and depth of patents of a firm and their citations are considered separately. This approach, however, does not provide an integrated insight in the major characteristics of a firm’s patents. The Sh(Y) index, proposed in our investigation, can reflect a firm’s innovation activities, its technological breadth, and its influence in an integrated way.

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Stimulating idea generation for new product applications

International Journal of Innovation Science ◽

10.1108/ijis-09-2017-0099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 454-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lorenzo Fiorineschi ◽

Francesco Saverio Frillici ◽

Giovanni Gregori ◽

Federico Rotini

Keyword(s):

Product Information ◽

Idea Generation ◽

New Product ◽

Step Method ◽

Content Type ◽

Patent Classification ◽

Novel Approach ◽

International Patent ◽

New Applications

Purpose This paper aims to provide suggestions for the identification of potential new applications for the existing products and/or technologies. Design/methodology/approach A nine-step method has been developed for extracting information about a product or technology, processing the international patent database (IPD) and extracting useful hints for potential new applications. An academic case study has been used to perform the first application of the proposal. Findings A novel approach for processing IPD aimed at supporting the identification of new opportunities for exploiting existing products/technologies. The case study application shows that the proposal allows to extract potentially useful and non-obvious suggestions for new product applications. Research limitations/implications Although some limits inevitably affect this preliminary version of the proposal, important hints for future developments have been inferred for a more comprehensive exploitation of both the firm internal knowledge and the suggestions provided by the international patent database. Practical implications The achieved results can support firms in expanding market opportunities for their products or technologies. Originality/value The proposed approach offers a new structured path for stimulating idea generation for new product applications, by exploiting product information and the cooperative patent classification.

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