IPC Prediction of Patent Documents Using Neural Network with Attention for Hierarchical Structure

International patent classifications (IPCs) are assigned to patent documents; however, since the procedure for assigning classifications is manually done by the patent examiner, it takes a lot of time and effort to select some IPCs from about 70,000 IPCs. Hence, some research has been conducted on patent classification with machine learning. However, patent documents are very voluminous, and learning with all the claims (the part describing the content of the patent) as input would run out of the necessary memory. Therefore, most of the existing methods learn by excluding some information, such as using only the first claim as input. In this study, we propose a model that considers the contents of all claims by extracting important information for input. We also propose a new decoder that considers the hierarchical structure of the IPC. Finally, we evaluate the model using an evaluation index that assumes the actual use of IPC selection for patent documents.

Analysis of International Patent Applications for Inventions Like Traditional Herbal Medicines

Numerous applications have been filed for patents based on bio-inventions in the Indian patent office. Although there is not any international patent, there is a system of international patent applications whereby the applicant may designate name of countries where they wish to file application for patents nationally. According to international patent classification, the concern class for such a patent applications is A61K36/00. More particularly, the international class (IC) A61K36/00 relates to medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof (e.g., traditional herbal medicines). International applications filings under patent cooperation treaty (PCT) for patent purposes can be accessed at the Patentscope (patent search tool of WIPO). All international patent applications for such TK-based inventions have been accessed online at Patentscope using the classification code A61K36 for this study.

Big Data for Prediction

Technical field of big data for prediction lures the attention of different stakeholders. The reasons are related to the potentials of the big data, which allows for learning from past behavior, discovering patterns and values, and optimizing business processes based on new insights from large databases. However, in order to fully utilize the potentials of big data, its stakeholders need to understand the scope and volume of patenting related to big data usage for prediction. Therefore, this chapter aims to perform an analysis of patenting activities related to big data usage for prediction. This is done by (1) exploring the timeline and geographic distribution of patenting activities, (2) exploring the most active assignees of technical content of interest, (3) detecting the type of the protected technical according to the international patent classification system, and (4) performing text-mining analysis to discover the topics emerging most often in patents' abstracts.

THE PROBLEMS OF THE CREATION HE PROBLEMS OF THE CREATION OF A PATENT LANDSCAPE BY THE EXAMPLE F A PATENT LANDSCAPE BY THE EXAMPLE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

Introduction. The growing interest and huge prospects for the development of blockchain technology have in dicated a high relevance of research on this ecosystem.Problem Statement. The priority development of patent analysis technologies is a result of rapid changes in the digital environment. In this regard, information support of the problems of innovative development of digital so ciety, which includes the formation of a patent monitoring system for the development of individual technological areas, in particular, blockchain.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to assess the problems of building a patent landscape for determining innovative attractiveness and identifying the development trends of blockchain technology.Materials and Methods. The study has been conducted with the use of international patent resource PATENTSCOPE. The citation of inventions of blockchain technology has been analyzed based on the Derwent database on the Web of Science platform.Results. The problems related to the creation of a patent landscape have been assessed; the modern development indicators and the world trends in the blockchain technology have been analyzed; the features of its development in leading economies and corporations of the world have been identified. The patent activity of firms in the world leading countries at the international and national level has been assessed. The blockchain technological segments have been positioned, with transactions and blockchain platforms found the most attractive ones.The inventions with the greatest number of references, which testifies to their innovative attractiveness have been identified.Conclusions. Patent analytics is a very powerful tool for assessing technological trends by building patent landscapes and monitoring them. Knowledge of the problems related to the study and the construction of patent landscape allows obtaining objective results and correctly interpreting the development trends of the R&D field under review.

International patent applications and innovation in South Africa

Background: Experts recommend support to patents for stimulating innovation. Also, the South African government supports patents, in particular, international patents. In this paper it is examined how this strategy can be designed to successfully trigger economic progress.Aim: The present South African activities in patents are investigated in this paper and areas identified where an intensification of patenting looks promising for economic progress.Setting: The patent activities since 1985 are analysed and compared to the annual export–import balance from 2009 to 2018, in order to identify starting points for improving economic structures. The data are linked to current suggestions to the National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI) for future technologies.Methods: The analysis of patents is performed, using the international patent database PATSTAT, as well as the analysis of the export–import balance at the WITS database of the World Bank.Results: The patent analysis reveals a low level of South African domestic patents, with a focus on less complex goods and a stagnation period of 35 years. The data on the export – import balance show negative figures for consumer goods and even more so for capital goods.Conclusion: Economic progress can be accelerated by stimulating patent and economic activities to produce more complex consumer and capital goods. However, it may be necessary to focus on certain areas at the beginning in order to achieve a sufficient critical mass of competence and international competitiveness. In any case, the support of patents is only successful when it is closely linked to a strategy regarding technology.

A Methodology for Evaluation and Distribution of Patent Applications to INPI-BR Patent Examiners: A Case Study in the Electricity Field

This paper presents the development of a new methodology for evaluation and distribution of patent applications to the examiners at the Brazilian Patent Office considering a specific technological field, represented by classification of the application according to the International Patent Classification (IPC), and the variables corresponding to the volume of data of the application and its complexity for the examination process. After identifying the most relevant variables, such as the Specific Areas of Expertise (ZAE) of the examiners, a mathematical model was developed, including: (a) application of the principal component analysis (PCA) method; (b) calculation of a General Complexity Ratio (IGC); (c) classification into five classes (very light, light, moderate, heavy and very heavy) according to IGC average ranges and standard deviations; (d) implementation of a logic of distribution, compensating very heavy applications with very light ones, and light applications with heavy ones; and (e) calculation of a Distribution Balancing Ratio (IBD), considering the differences between the samples’ medians. The model was validated using a sample of patent applications including, in addition to the identified variables, the time for substantive examination by the examiner. Then, a correlation analysis of the variables with time and a comparison of the classifications according to the time and the IGC generated by the model were carried out. The results obtained showed a high correlation of the IGC with time, above 80%, as well as correct IGC classes in more than 80% of applications. The model proposed herein suggests that the three main relevant variables are: total number of pages, total number of claims, and total number of claim pages.

Technological prospection: the genus Mikania in therapeutic use

The genus Mikania (Asteraceae) comprises about 450 species of these, 203 are found in Brazil and present several chemical and biological activities. Considering the variety of species and their therapeutic properties, the present study aimed to perform technological prospecting of this genus, since this approach aims to contribute to technological, scientific and innovation research. For this purpose, the patent documents were analyzed, regarding the applicant countries, year of filing and the international classification of patents of the genus Mikania. The search was conducted in the databases World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO) and the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) in October 2020, using the descriptor “Mikania”; present in the title and/or abstract in addition, documents that included medicinal approaches were selected. Thus, taking into consideration the filing countries, Japan, Brazil and the United States led the patent deposits, with the first document filed in 1991 and the largest number of applications in the years 2000 and 2010. The data concerning the international patent classification are concentrated in subclass A61K, which deals with preparations for medical, dental or hygienic purposes. These results demonstrated the therapeutic and technological potential of the Mikania species and thus which can be evidenced the potential of this study.

MUTUAL PATENTING TRENDS IN TELECOMMUNICATION FIELD ON THE EXAMPLE OF LEADING WORLD PATENT OFFICES

Приводятся результаты патентного исследования в области инновационных технологий на основе общей патентной статистики в мире и в России. Прослеживается устойчивый рост количества патентных заявок, подаваемых как резидентами, так и нерезидентами, в ведущих странах-лидерах. Представлена стратегия правовой охраны инновационных технических решений в целях обеспечения их продвижения на внешние и внутренние рынки. Анализируется динамика взаимного проникновения интеллектуальной собственности со стороны США, стран Европы и КНР; акцент сделан на долю патентных заявок в области техники электросвязи. В основу патентной статистики положена Международная патентная классификация. Сделан вывод о дисбалансе во взаимном патентовании между китайскими субъектами патентования и патентными ведомствами Европы и США. Констатируется падение как общего количества патентных заявок в Российской Федерации, так и количества заявок, поданных нерезидентами. The article provides the results of patent research in the field of innovative technologies based on worldwide and Russian patent statistics. There is a steady increase in the number of patent applications filed both by residents and non-residents in lead countries. The strategy of legal protection for innovative technical solutions is outlined in order to ensure promotion on external and internal markets. The dynamics of mutual intellectual property infiltration between the USA, Europe, and China is analyzed. The authors focused on the share of patent applications in the field of telecommunications technology. The patent statistics is based on the International Patent Classification. The article concludes that there is an imbalance in mutual patenting between Chinese patent subjects and Patent Offices of Europe and the USA. A drop is noted both in the total number of patent applications in the Russian Federation and in the number of applications submitted by non-residents.