AbstractQuantum computing is now a reality, and its incomparable computational power has led companies to show a great interest in being able to work with quantum software in order to support part of their current and future business operations. However, the quantum computing paradigm differs significantly from its classical counterparts, which has brought about the need to revolutionise how the future software is designed, built, and operated in order to work with quantum computers. Since companies cannot discard all their current (and probably mission-critical) information systems, they must adapt their classical information systems to new specific quantum applications, thus evolving towards hybrid information systems. Unfortunately, there are no specific methods with which to deal with this challenge. We believe that reengineering, and more specifically, software modernisation using model-driven engineering principles, could be useful as regard migrating classical systems and existing quantum programs towards hybrid information systems. This paper, therefore, presents QRev, a reverse engineering tool that analyses quantum programs developed in Q# in order to identify its components and interrelationships, and then generates abstract models that can be used in software modernisation processes. The platform-independent models are generated according to the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM) standard. QRev is validated in a case study involving five quantum programs in order to demonstrate its effectiveness and scalability. The main implication of the study is that QRev can be used in order to attain KDM models, which can subsequently be employed to restructure or add new quantum functionality at a higher abstraction level, i.e. independently of the specific quantum technology.
Construction and evaluation of gold standards for patent classification—A case study on quantum computing
