The E. K. Frey – E. Werle foundation award ceremony for the 1998 commemorative gold medalist

Abstract Objectives Profiles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and milk/infant fecal microbiota vary globally. However, associations between and among HMO, other milk-borne factors (e.g., lactose, protein), and milk/infant fecal microbiomes have not been well-investigated. Here we tested the hypothesis that variations in milk lactose, protein, and HMO concentrations are associated with variations in the structure of milk and infant fecal microbial communities. Methods Milk/infant fecal samples from 357 maternal-infant dyads collected as part of the INSPIRE study from 11 geographically/culturally diverse sites located in eight countries (Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Spain, Sweden, and USA) were analyzed. DNA was extracted and bacterial 16S rRNA V1V3 hypervariable region amplified/sequenced for microbiome analysis. HMO, lactose, and protein profiles were generated from HPLC and spectrophotometric assays. Results Milk and infant feces share many of the same abundant bacterial genera, while also containing unique bacterial communities. Community states type (CST) analyses indicate both sample types group into a relatively small number of discrete communities characterized by enrichment of specific taxa (e.g., Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium). Concentrations of milk lactose and protein varied by population/CST. Additionally, variation in the microbial community structure of milk and infant feces was associated with concentrations of total/individual HMO, lactose, and protein. Conclusions Similar to HMO concentrations, milk lactose and protein vary globally. Variations in milk and infant fecal microbial communities are associated with those of milk lactose, protein, and HMO concentrations. Given these results, as well as prior data on the influence of other environmental variables (e.g., pumped vs. direct breastfeeding), additional longitudinal studies are needed to better understand this complex network of maternal-infant-microbe interactions with respect to environmental factors and how differences impact postnatal maternal-infant health. Funding Sources National Science Foundation (award 1,344,288), National Institutes of Health (R01 HD092297), and USDA.

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La ceremonia de entrega de los Premios Princesa de Asturias y la teoría de las relaciones públicas: la organización de actos como técnica de gestión de la comunicación en las instituciones | The award ceremony of the Princess of Asturias Awards and the th

REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES ◽

10.5944/eeii.vol.3.n.5.2016.18394 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Marta Pulido

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Public Relations ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Data Sources ◽

Specific Technique ◽

Communication Management ◽

Award Ceremony ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

Historical Moment

Las relaciones públicas deben concebirse como un proceso de gestión de las relaciones al servicio de la gestión de la comunicación de las corporaciones y las instituciones. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la Ceremonia de entrega de los Premios Princesa de Asturias como una técnica específica de relaciones públicas institucionales orientada a la legitimación y notoriedad de la Casa Real y los sucesivos Herederos a la Corona ante la opinión pública nacional e internacional, trasladando la imagen de continuidad y normalidad democrática. Para lograr la consecución de este objetivo principal, este trabajo realiza una revisión teórica sustentada en el uso de fuentes de datos secundarios, fundamentalmente bibliográficos y archivísticos. Los resultados evidencian utilidad de la organización de actos como herramienta de gestión de la opinión pública para vehicular y difundir los mensajes institucionales pertinentes en cada momento histórico. _________________________Public relations should be conceived as a process of managing relationships at the service of communication management of corporations and institutions. In this context, the main objective of this work is to analyze the Ceremony of delivery of the Prizes Princess of Asturias as a specific technique of institutional public relations oriented to the legitimation and notoriety of the Royal House and the successive Heirs to the Crown before the, national and international, public opinion, transferring the image of continuity and democratic normality. In order to achieve this main objective, this work makes a theoretical revision based on the use of secondary data sources, mainly bibliographic and archival. The results show usefulness of the organization of acts as a tool for public opinion management to disseminate and disseminate relevant institutional messages in each historical moment.

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