scholarly journals Is degenerative calcification of the native aortic valve similar to calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves?

2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirone E. David ◽  
Joan Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Native Aortic Valve

scholarly journals Calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves treated with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
T. V. Glushkova ◽  
A. E. Kostyunin
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Native Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Leaflets ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Human Aortic Valve

Highlights. The morphology and elemental composition of calcium deposits formed in the tissues of epoxytreated aortic and mitral bioprostheses do not differ from those in the mineralized matrix of stenotic human aortic valve leaflets. Despite similar elemental composition of mineral deposits in the KemCor and UniLine bioprostheses, the morphology of these calcifications differs between bioprosthetic heart valve substitutes and, apparently, is associated with the specific structure of the fibrous matrix of the biological tissues that are used for their manufacturing.Aim. To analyze the morphology and elemental composition of mineral deposits formed in epoxy-treated aortic and mitral bioprosthetic heart valves made from xenoaortic or xenopericardial material and to compare the obtained findings with the data on calcified human aortic valve.Methods. Leaflets of the mitral and aortic bioprosthetic heart valves KemCor and UniLine (NeoKor, L Russia, Kemerovo) that were explanted due to their failure, as well as leaflets of the calcified native aortic valve were evaluated. The morphology of calcifications was studied by scanning electron microscopy using an S-3400N microscope (Hitachi, Japan). The elemental composition of calcium deposits was studied by electron probe microanalysis using Hitachi S-3400N microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer Bruker XFlash 4010 (Bruker, Germany).Results. Large calcifications located at the internal layers of samples were surrounded by collagen fibers commonly with evident signs of the onset of mineralization. Calcium deposits in the native aortic valve and xenoartic bioprostheses KemCor were located mainly at the spongy layer and had a loose structure, while dense lamellar deposits were found at the leaflets of pericardial bioprostheses UniLine. The elemental composition of calcium deposits showed the presence of Ca, P, O, Mg, and Na in the mineralized regions and the presence of S in the regions of low electron density. The calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) in the calcifications of the aortic valve leaflets was 1.81 (1.79-1.84; min - 1.48; max - 2.05), whereas the Ca:P ratios in the UniLine and KemCor bioprostheses were 1.78 (1.75-1.86; min - 1.52; max - 2.03) and 1.82 (1.81-1.88; min - 1.71; max - 2.06), respectively. There were no significant differences in the Ca:P ratios between calcifications in the study groups (p>0.05).Conclusion. Calcium deposits detected in epoxy-treated bioprostheses and human aortic valve appeared to be formed under dystrophic calcification. The morphology of calcifications in bioprostheses depended on the type of biological tissue. None correlations between the morphological structure of calcifications and the implantation position were found in bioprosthetic leaflets. The elemental composition of mineral deposits was similar in all study samples.

scholarly journals Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Degenerated Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1218-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Eggebrecht ◽  
Ulrich Schäfer ◽  
Hendrik Treede ◽  
Peter Boekstegers ◽  
Jörg Babin-Ebell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Valve In Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Valve Implantation

Doppler echocardiographic study of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves in the aortic valve position in patients without evidence of cardiac dysfunction

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon C. Reimold ◽  
Ajit P. Yoganathan ◽  
H-W Sung ◽  
Lawrence H. Cohn ◽  
Martin G.St.John Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Valve Position

Thrombosis of Surgical Bioprosthetic Heart Valves-Insights from Reports to International Medical Device Vigilance Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S110
Author(s):  
C. Gestrich ◽  
J.E. Klein ◽  
B. Toctam ◽  
G.D. Dürr ◽  
J.M. Sinning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
International Medical ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

scholarly journals In Situ “Humanization” of Porcine Bioprostheses: Demonstration of Tendon Bioprostheses Conversion into Human ACL and Possible Implications for Heart Valve Bioprostheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Uri Galili ◽  
Kevin R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Porcine Tissue ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

This review describes the first studies on successful conversion of porcine soft-tissue bioprostheses into viable permanently functional tissue in humans. This process includes gradual degradation of the porcine tissue, with concomitant neo-vascularization and reconstruction of the implanted bioprosthesis with human cells and extracellular matrix. Such a reconstruction process is referred to in this review as “humanization”. Humanization was achieved with porcine bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BTB), replacing torn anterior-cruciate-ligament (ACL) in patients. In addition to its possible use in orthopedic surgery, it is suggested that this humanization method should be studied as a possible mechanism for converting implanted porcine bioprosthetic heart-valves (BHV) into viable tissue valves in young patients. Presently, these patients are only implanted with mechanical heart-valves, which require constant anticoagulation therapy. The processing of porcine bioprostheses, which enables humanization, includes elimination of α-gal epitopes and partial (incomplete) crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Studies on implantation of porcine BTB bioprostheses indicated that enzymatic elimination of α-gal epitopes prevents subsequent accelerated destruction of implanted tissues by the natural anti-Gal antibody, whereas the partial crosslinking by glutaraldehyde molecules results in their function as “speed bumps” that slow the infiltration of macrophages. Anti-non gal antibodies produced against porcine antigens in implanted bioprostheses recruit macrophages, which infiltrate at a pace that enables slow degradation of the porcine tissue, neo-vascularization, and infiltration of fibroblasts. These fibroblasts align with the porcine collagen-fibers scaffold, secrete their collagen-fibers and other extracellular-matrix (ECM) components, and gradually replace porcine tissues degraded by macrophages with autologous functional viable tissue. Porcine BTB implanted in patients completes humanization into autologous ACL within ~2 years. The similarities in cells and ECM comprising heart-valves and tendons, raises the possibility that porcine BHV undergoing a similar processing, may also undergo humanization, resulting in formation of an autologous, viable, permanently functional, non-calcifying heart-valves.

A New Generation of Aortic Valve Prosthesis: Design, Manufacture and Hydrodynamic Assessment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyamin Rahmani ◽  
Hossein Ghanbari ◽  
Spyridon Tzamtzis ◽  
Gaetano Burriesci ◽  
Alexander M. Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Nanocomposite Polymer ◽  
Cardiac Procedure ◽  
Aortic Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Suboptimal Design ◽  
New Generation

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the second most common cardiac procedure after coronary artery bypass grafting, accounting for more than 200,000 transplantations annually worldwide [1]. Currently available mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valve replacements are not ideal as they are associated with relevant complications. The tri-leaflet polymeric heart valves (PHVs) have been widely investigated as possible alternative to these substitutes. However, the clinical application of PHVs has been limited by their suboptimal design and poor durability of available polymeric materials. This study presents a new concept of surgical aortic valve using a novel nanocomposite polymer.

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