Comparative antigenicity testing of cholera vaccines by application of hog gastric mucin and ferric ammonium citrate

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Joó ◽  
J. Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucin ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Cholera Vaccines

scholarly journals A study on the aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulphate and ferric ammonium citrate, among the rural anaemic women, in the Indian spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Moumita Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferrous Fumarate ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

Background: Anaemia is a global health concern, associated with increased maternal and perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, low birth weight, extreme fatigue and impaired immune system; and controlled by oral haematinics; with a rise in haemoglobin concentration. The objective was to examine the various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of oral haematinics, among the anaemic women population, in rural India.Methods: This was a multi-centre, retrospective, observational and analytical study of the hospital medical records of 250 anaemic patients, who were allocated into group A of 125 patients within 15-21 years and group B of 125 patients within 22-35 years. The patients were prescribed oral haematinics, containing 60 mg of elemental iron, thrice daily, with meals. The various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, including patients’ demographic characteristics, anaemic symptoms assessment, prescription patterns, and safety assessment, on 1st, 2nd, 3rd months and follow-up visits, were recorded and thoroughly analysed..Results: In groups A and B, the demographic characteristics of the patients were comparable; ferrous ascorbate was the most commonly prescribed oral haematinic, followed by ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, which controlled mild to moderate iron deficiency anaemia, with a gradual significant rise in haemoglobin concentration, in the successive 3 months; and adverse effects were observed to be statistically non-significant in either group.Conclusions: The different aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance in the study established that the oral haematinics were reasonably beneficial and safe among the anaemic women population, in rural India.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN ORAL AND INJECTABLE IRON PREPARATIONS ON THE BLOOD OF BABY PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Doornenbal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Iron ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Iron Sulphate

Haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values and erythrocyte counts were determined at weekly intervals from 3 to 45 days of age for 60 pigs which received iron in the form of: injectable iron-dextran (A); injectable iron-dextran (B); injectable ferric ammonium citrate; oral iron in the form of paste, or sods sprinkled with iron sulphate. The iron-dextran and ferric ammonium citrate compounds were administered at 3 days of age as single injections supplying 100 mgm. of iron and 30 mgm. of ferric ammonium citrate respectively. The paste was administered at 3, 10, 17 and 24 days of age. Sods were fed twice a week during the period of 3 days to 28 days of age.The sod treatment maintained normal blood values while the iron-dextran compounds and the paste resulted in values somewhat below normal, although visible evidence of anaemia was not apparent. Blood values for the group receiving ferric ammonium citrate were extremely low and two pigs on this treatment died at 42 and 60 days of age. Both exhibited severe anaemia.Significant differences were obtained in weaning weights. The heaviest pigs were those receiving sods; the lightest pigs those receiving injectable ferric ammonium citrate. The effect of the different treatments on growth was not apparent until after 21 days of age.

scholarly journals Gentian Violet and Ferric Ammonium Citrate DisruptPseudomonas AeruginosaBiofilms

2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Wang ◽  
Gabriela Agostini ◽  
Osarenoma Olomu ◽  
Daniel Runco ◽  
Jae Y. Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

scholarly journals Persistence of contamination of hens' egg albumen in vitro with Salmonella serotypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Lock ◽  
R. G. Board
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes

SUMMARYA study was made of the persistence of different Salmonella serotypes in hens' egg albumen in vitro at 4, 20 and 30 °C. The majority of serotypes remained viable but did not increase in numbers at 20 and 30 °C for 42 days. At 4 °C many of the serotypes died out.The addition of ferric ammonium citrate on the 42nd day of incubation induced multiplication of organisms incubated at 20 and 30 °C, but not at 4 °C. The pH and glucose concentration of the albumen diminished only when heavy growth occurred.Salmonella enteritidis remained viable on the air cell membrane in vitro for 17 days at 4, 20 and 30 °C. Thirty percent of the organisms also remained motile in albumen for 42 days at 25 °C and up to 5% of the cells remained motile for up to 20 days at 4 °C.

Chemicals That Stimulate Iron Uptake – A Novel Approach to Treatment of Iron Deficiency,

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 3180-3180
Author(s):  
Zhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
K562 Cells ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Caco2 Cells ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

Abstract 3180 Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient required for all cells, especially for erythrocyte hemoglobin synthesis which requires absorption of 1–2 mg of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. Iron deficiency as a result of inadequate dietary uptake has multiple consequences including anemia and abnormal neurologic development in children and is a global public health concern. Enterocytes in the duodenum, the site of iron absorption, can extract about 10% of dietary Fe. Nonetheless for numerous reasons simple iron supplementation has not solved the worldwide epidemic of iron deficiency. We hypothesized that small molecules which could potentiate iron uptake into cells would allow enterocytes to absorb an increased amount of dietary iron and could be beneficial in limiting iron deficiency. To identify molecules that would accelerate Fe uptake we used a high through-put screening system in conjunction with a reporter system of K562 cells loaded with the divalent metal chelator calcein whose fluorescence is quenched with chelation of Fe2+. Small molecules that stimulated Fe uptake were defined as causing increased calcein fluorescence quenching compared to Fe alone. K562 cells were exposed to 0.1 μM calcein for 10 minutes, thoroughly washed, and 1 × 105 cells plated into each well of multiple 96-well plates. After equilibration of the plates at 37° C, aliquots of the individual components of an in-house chemical library of ∼12,000 compounds dissolved in DMSO were screened in duplicate or triplicate and fluorescence measurements made at 0 and 30 min after addition of 10 μM FeNH4SO4 in a Synergy IV plate reader. 30 chemicals were identified that stimulated iron-induced quenching of calcein fluorescence. The stimulation was verified by dose response curves and by assaying the effect on non-transferrin bound 55Fe uptake. None of the stimulators were cytotoxic for up to at least 3 days. The lead compound, LS081, had an IC50 = 1.22 ± 0.48 μM for 55Fe uptake in K562 cells compared to controls. LS081 was also used to examine the iron uptake in Caco2 cells grown in bicameral chambers, a model system to study intestinal iron absorption. LS081 significantly increased 55Fe uptake into Caco2 cells with a very rapid influx of 55Fe in the first 5 min after Fe was offered to the apical surface followed by a ∼ 4-fold increased uptake over the next 90 min. 55Fe transport across the basolateral surface into the basal chamber also increased ∼ 4 fold. The increased 55Fe transport in caco2 cells is more prominent at lower pH of 5.5 compare to pH 7.5 suggesting LS081 acted on a common divalent metal uptake pathway. Mice treated with LS081 + ferric ammonium citrate via oral gavage for two weeks significantly increased (p < 0.001 by unpaired t-test compared to ferric ammonium citrate alone) the level of ferritin, the iron storage protein, in the liver, demonstrating the absorption of LS081 from intestinal cells. In summary, using high through-put screening technique we identified small molecules that stimulate iron uptake and could be used as a drug for iron deficiency. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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