In order to effectively improve the Building safety, this paper applies the principle of institutional economics; construct the economic incentive mechanism of Building safety management, From the mechanism of target system, mechanism of main body, mechanism structure principle, the mechanism safeguard, this paper probes into the mechanism of Building safety, Mechanism of the subject system including government, construction enterprises and employees and microscopic behavior criterion; The effective operational mechanism of the security system, including the economic incentive system of laws and regulations, economic incentives organization, economic incentive to financial and economic guarantee, etc.; The operation mechanism embodied in the internal elements of rational allocation, so as to make the economic incentive policy for building effective implementation.