Dehalogenation of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) by anaerobic bacteria from marine sediments and by sulfate-reducing bacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

scholarly journals Isolation of sulfate-reducing bacteria from Tunisian marine sediments and description of Desulfovibrio bizertensis sp. nov.

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2909-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfa Haouari ◽  
Marie-Laure Fardeau ◽  
Laurence Casalot ◽  
Jean-Luc Tholozan ◽  
Moktar Hamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Growth Optimum ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Several strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from marine sediments recovered near Tunis, Korbous and Bizerte, Tunisia. They all showed characteristics consistent with members of the genus Desulfovibrio. One of these strains, designated MB3T, was characterized further. Cells of strain MB3T were slender, curved, vibrio-shaped, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods. They were positive for desulfoviridin as bisulfite reductase. Strain MB3T grew at temperatures of 15–45 °C (optimum 40 °C) and at pH 6.0–8.1 (optimum pH 7.0). NaCl was required for growth (optimum 20 g NaCl l−1). Strain MB3T utilized H2 in the presence of acetate with sulfate as electron acceptor. It also utilized lactate, ethanol, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, butanol and propanol as electron donors. Lactate was oxidized incompletely to acetate. Strain MB3T fermented pyruvate and fumarate (poorly). Electron acceptors utilized included sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and fumarate, but not nitrate or nitrite. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51 mol%. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MB3T (=DSM 18034T=NCIMB 14199T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Desulfovibrio bizertensis sp. nov.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Methane-Oxidizing Archaea and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Anoxic Marine Sediments

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1922-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Orphan ◽  
K.-U. Hinrichs ◽  
W. Ussler ◽  
C. K. Paull ◽  
L. T. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ether Lipids ◽  
Methane Seep ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT The oxidation of methane in anoxic marine sediments is thought to be mediated by a consortium of methane-consuming archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In this study, we compared results of rRNA gene (rDNA) surveys and lipid analyses of archaea and bacteria associated with methane seep sediments from several different sites on the Californian continental margin. Two distinct archaeal lineages (ANME-1 and ANME-2), peripherally related to the orderMethanosarcinales, were consistently associated with methane seep marine sediments. The same sediments contained abundant13C-depleted archaeal lipids, indicating that one or both of these archaeal groups are members of anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortia. 13C-depleted lipids and the signature 16S rDNAs for these archaeal groups were absent in nearby control sediments. Concurrent surveys of bacterial rDNAs revealed a predominance of δ-proteobacteria, in particular, close relatives ofDesulfosarcina variabilis. Biomarker analyses of the same sediments showed bacterial fatty acids with strong 13C depletion that are likely products of these sulfate-reducing bacteria. Consistent with these observations, whole-cell fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed aggregations of ANME-2 archaea and sulfate-reducing Desulfosarcina andDesulfococcus species. Additionally, the presence of abundant 13C-depleted ether lipids, presumed to be of bacterial origin but unrelated to ether lipids of members of the orderDesulfosarcinales, suggests the participation of additional bacterial groups in the methane-oxidizing process. Although theDesulfosarcinales and ANME-2 consortia appear to participate in the anaerobic oxidation of methane in marine sediments, our data suggest that other bacteria and archaea are also involved in methane oxidation in these environments.

scholarly journals Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Methylate Mercury at Variable Rates in Pure Culture and in Marine Sediments

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2430-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. King ◽  
Joel E. Kostka ◽  
Marc E. Frischer ◽  
F. Michael Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Mercury Methylation ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Differences in methylmercury (CH3Hg) production normalized to the sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in various species of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were quantified in pure cultures and in marine sediment slurries in order to determine if SRB strains which differ phylogenetically methylate mercury (Hg) at similar rates. Cultures representing five genera of the SRB (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfobulbus propionicus,Desulfococcus multivorans, Desulfobacter sp. strain BG-8, and Desulfobacterium sp. strain BG-33) were grown in a strictly anoxic, minimal medium that received a dose of inorganic Hg 120 h after inoculation. The mercury methylation rates (MMR) normalized per cell were up to 3 orders of magnitude higher in pure cultures of members of SRB groups capable of acetate utilization (e.g., the family Desulfobacteriaceae) than in pure cultures of members of groups that are not able to use acetate (e.g., the family Desulfovibrionaceae). Little or no Hg methylation was observed in cultures of Desulfobacterium orDesulfovibrio strains in the absence of sulfate, indicating that Hg methylation was coupled to respiration in these strains. Mercury methylation, sulfate reduction, and the identities of sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediment slurries were also studied. Sulfate-reducing consortia were identified by using group-specific oligonucleotide probes that targeted the 16S rRNA molecule. Acetate-amended slurries, which were dominated by members of the Desulfobacterium and Desulfobacter groups, exhibited a pronounced ability to methylate Hg when the MMR were normalized to the SRR, while lactate-amended and control slurries had normalized MMR that were not statistically different. Collectively, the results of pure-culture and amended-sediment experiments suggest that members of the family Desulfobacteriaceae have a greater potential to methylate Hg than members of the familyDesulfovibrionaceae have when the MMR are normalized to the SRR. Hg methylation potential may be related to genetic composition and/or carbon metabolism in the SRB. Furthermore, we found that in marine sediments that are rich in organic matter and dissolved sulfide rapid CH3Hg accumulation is coupled to rapid sulfate reduction. The observations described above have broad implications for understanding the control of CH3Hg formation and for developing remediation strategies for Hg-contaminated sediments.

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