The role of individual spikes and spike patterns in population coding of stimulus location in rat somatosensory cortex

Biosystems ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus S Petersen ◽  
Stefano Panzeri ◽  
Mathew E Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Spike Patterns

scholarly journals The Role of Spike Timing in the Coding of Stimulus Location in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Panzeri ◽  
Rasmus S. Petersen ◽  
Simon R. Schultz ◽  
Michael Lebedev ◽  
Mathew E. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex

scholarly journals Population Coding of Stimulus Location in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus S. Petersen ◽  
Stefano Panzeri ◽  
Mathew E. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex

scholarly journals Spatial Sensitivity in Field PAF of Cat Auditory Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2889-2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Christopher Stecker ◽  
Brian J. Mickey ◽  
Ewan A. Macpherson ◽  
John C. Middlebrooks
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Spatial Sensitivity ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Spike Patterns

We compared the spatial tuning properties of neurons in two fields [primary auditory cortex (A1) and posterior auditory field (PAF)] of cat auditory cortex. Broadband noise bursts of 80-ms duration were presented from loudspeakers throughout 360° in the horizontal plane (azimuth) or 260° in the vertical median plane (elevation). Sound levels varied from 20 to 40 dB above units' thresholds. We recorded neural spike activity simultaneously from 16 sites in field PAF and/or A1 of α-chloralose-anesthetized cats. We assessed spatial sensitivity by examining the dependence of spike count and response latency on stimulus location. In addition, we used an artificial neural network (ANN) to assess the information about stimulus location carried by spike patterns of single units and of ensembles of 2–32 units. The results indicate increased spatial sensitivity, more uniform distributions of preferred locations, and greater tolerance to changes in stimulus intensity among PAF units relative to A1 units. Compared to A1 units, PAF units responded at significantly longer latencies, and latencies varied more strongly with stimulus location. ANN analysis revealed significantly greater information transmission by spike patterns of PAF than A1 units, primarily reflecting the information transmitted by latency variation in PAF. Finally, information rates grew more rapidly with the number of units included in neural ensembles for PAF than A1. The latter finding suggests more accurate population coding of space in PAF, made possible by a more diverse population of neural response types.

Coding of stimulus location by spike timing in rat somatosensory cortex

2002 ◽  
Vol 44-46 ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Panzeri ◽  
R.S Petersen ◽  
S.R Schultz ◽  
M.A Lebedev ◽  
M.E Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex

scholarly journals Nitric oxide: a modulator, but not a mediator, of neurovascular coupling in rat somatosensory cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. H799-H811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Lindauer ◽  
Dirk Megow ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuda ◽  
Ulrich Dirnagl
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Neuronal Nos ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex

We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP in the coupling of neuronal activation to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in α-chloralose-anesthetized rats. Whisker deflection (60 s) increased rCBF by 18 ± 3%. NO synthase (NOS) inhibition by N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; topically) reduced the rCBF response to 9 ± 4% and resting rCBF to 80 ± 8%. NO donors [ S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 50 μM), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (10 μM)] or 8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic-monophosphate (8-BrcGMP; 100 μM)] restored resting rCBF andl-NNA-induced attenuation of the whisker response in the presence ofl-NNA, whereas the NO-independent vasodilator papaverine (1 mM) had no effect on the whisker response. Basal cGMP levels were decreased to 35% byl-NNA and restored to 65% of control by subsequent SNAP superfusion. Inhibition of neuronal NOS by 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; 40 mg/kg ip) or soluble guanylyl cyclase by 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 100 μM) significantly reduced resting rCBF to 86 ± 8 and 92 ± 10% and whisker rCBF response to 7 ± 4 and 12 ± 3%, respectively. ODQ reduced tissue cGMP to 54%. 8-BrcGMP restored the whisker response in the presence of 7-NI or ODQ. We conclude that NO, produced by neuronal NOS, is a modulator in the coupling of neuronal activation and rCBF in rat somatosensory cortex and that this effect is mainly mediated by cGMP.l-NNA-induced vasomotion was significantly reduced during increased neuronal activity and after restoration of basal NO levels, but not after restoration of cGMP.

General Poisson Exact Breakdown of the Mutual Information to Study the Role of Correlations in Populations of Neurons

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scaglione ◽  
K. A. Moxon ◽  
G. Foffani
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Neural Computation ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
Population Codes ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex

We present an integrative formalism of mutual information expansion, the general Poisson exact breakdown, which explicitly evaluates the informational contribution of correlations in the spike counts both between and within neurons. The formalism was validated on simulated data and applied to real neurons recorded from the rat somatosensory cortex. From the general Poisson exact breakdown, a considerable number of mutual information measures introduced in the neural computation literature can be directly derived, including the exact breakdown (Pola, Thiele, Hoffmann, & Panzeri, 2003 ), the Poisson exact breakdown (Scaglione, Foffani, Scannella, Cerutti, & Moxon, 2008 ) the synergy and redundancy between neurons (Schneidman, Bialek, & Berry, 2003 ), and the information lost by an optimal decoder that assumes the absence of correlations between neurons (Nirenberg & Latham, 2003 ; Pola et al., 2003 ). The general Poisson exact breakdown thus offers a convenient set of building blocks for studying the role of correlations in population codes.

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