scholarly journals Acute Mountain Sickness, High Altitude Cerebral Oedema, High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema: The Current Concepts

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Mehta ◽  
A Chawla ◽  
AS Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Cerebral Oedema ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Mountain Sickness

scholarly journals Acute high-altitude sickness

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (143) ◽  
pp. 160096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Luks ◽  
Erik R. Swenson ◽  
Peter Bärtsch
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Cerebral Oedema ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Altitude Sickness ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Mountain Sickness

At any point 1–5 days following ascent to altitudes ≥2500 m, individuals are at risk of developing one of three forms of acute altitude illness: acute mountain sickness, a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms including headache, lassitude, dizziness and nausea; high-altitude cerebral oedema, a potentially fatal illness characterised by ataxia, decreased consciousness and characteristic changes on magnetic resonance imaging; and high-altitude pulmonary oedema, a noncardiogenic form of pulmonary oedema resulting from excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. This review provides detailed information about each of these important clinical entities. After reviewing the clinical features, epidemiology and current understanding of the pathophysiology of each disorder, we describe the current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Optic nerve sheath diameter changes at high altitude and in acute mountain sickness: meta-regression analyses

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317717
Author(s):  
Tou-Yuan Tsai ◽  
George Gozari ◽  
Yung-Cheng Su ◽  
Yi-Kung Lee ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Background/aimsTo assess changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) at high altitude and in acute mountain sickness (AMS).MethodsCochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for articles published from their inception to 31st of July 2020. Outcome measures were mean changes of ONSD at high altitude and difference in ONSD change between subjects with and without AMS. Meta-regressions were conducted to investigate the relation of ONSD change to altitude and time spent at that altitude.ResultsEight studies with 248 participants comparing ONSD from sea level to high altitude, and five studies with 454 participants comparing subjects with or without AMS, were included. ONSD increased by 0.14 mm per 1000 m after adjustment for time (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.18; p<0.01). Restricted cubic spline regression revealed an almost linear relation between ONSD change and time within 2 days. ONSD was greater in subjects with AMS (mean difference=0.47; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.80; p=0.01; I2=89.4%).ConclusionOur analysis shows that ONSD changes correlate with altitude and tend to increase in subjects with AMS. Small study number and high heterogeneity are the limitations of our study. Further large prospective studies are required to verify our findings.

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