scholarly journals Acute high-altitude sickness

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (143) ◽  
pp. 160096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Luks ◽  
Erik R. Swenson ◽  
Peter Bärtsch
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Cerebral Oedema ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Altitude Sickness ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Mountain Sickness

At any point 1–5 days following ascent to altitudes ≥2500 m, individuals are at risk of developing one of three forms of acute altitude illness: acute mountain sickness, a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms including headache, lassitude, dizziness and nausea; high-altitude cerebral oedema, a potentially fatal illness characterised by ataxia, decreased consciousness and characteristic changes on magnetic resonance imaging; and high-altitude pulmonary oedema, a noncardiogenic form of pulmonary oedema resulting from excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. This review provides detailed information about each of these important clinical entities. After reviewing the clinical features, epidemiology and current understanding of the pathophysiology of each disorder, we describe the current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

scholarly journals Doppler assessment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary oedema.

Thorax ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Vachiery ◽  
T McDonagh ◽  
J J Moraine ◽  
J Berre ◽  
R Naeije ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

High-altitude pulmonary oedema

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1078-1080
Author(s):  
Samuel Verges ◽  
Patrick Levy
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Arterial Oxygenation ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Vasodilator Drugs ◽  
Oxygen Administration ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
High Altitude Disease ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

At high altitude, the reduction in arterial oxygenation frequently leads to symptoms of acute mountain sickness. While these symptoms generally resolve spontaneously, high-altitude pulmonary oedema can develop and represents a potentially lethal form of high-altitude disease. High-altitude pulmonary oedema is a non-cardiogenic oedema due to exaggerated pulmonary vasoconstriction and altered alveolar–capillary permeability. In addition to descending to lower altitude, it requires specific emergency cares such as oxygen administration, a hyperbaric bag, and vasodilator drugs.

scholarly journals The incidence, the most common symptoms and risk factors of altitude sickness in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zieliński ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra Byś ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Altitude Sickness ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mountain Sickness

High-altitude tourism is gaining popularity. Mountains are also becoming an increasingly popular destination for school or family trips. This suggests that the number of children with high-altitude diseases, including acute mountain sickness (AMS), will also rise. The aim of this literature review was to determine the epidemiology of acute mountain sickness, its most common manifestations and risk factors in children. We analysed papers from the last 5 years, which were found by two independent authors using PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used to identify relevant studies: acute mountain sickness, altitude sickness, children (by Medical Subject Headings). After screening with the exclusion criteria, the final analysis included 5 papers, which were assessed for the quality of evidence. The incidence of acute mountain sickness in children is 30–45% at elevations below 4,000 m. There were no differences compared to an adult population. Headache, sleep disorders and dizziness are the most common symptoms of acute mountain sickness in children. Further research is needed to identify factors that predispose children to this disease. In the light of the increasingly intensive alpine tourism among children, research on the sequelae of acute mountain sickness is recommended.

scholarly journals Acute high-altitude illness: updated principles ofpathophysiology, prevention, and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
MM Berger ◽  
LM Schiefer ◽  
G Treff ◽  
M Sareban ◽  
ER Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Altitude Cerebral Edema ◽  
Mountain Sickness ◽  
High Altitude Illness ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

The interest in trekking and mountaineering is increasing, and growing numbers of individuals are travelling to high altitude. Following ascent to high altitude, individuals are at risk of developing one of the three forms of acute high-altitude illness: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). The cardinal symptom of AMS is headache that occurs with an increase in altitude. Additional symptoms are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and fatigue. HACE is characterized by truncal ataxia and decreased consciousness that generally but not always are preceded by worsening AMS. The typical features of HAPE are a loss of stamina, dyspnea, and dry cough on exertion, followed by dyspnea at rest, rales, cyanosis, cough, and pink, frothy sputum. These diseases can develop at any time from several hours to 5 days following ascent to altitudes above 2,500-3,000 m. Whereas AMS is usually self-limited, HACE and HAPE represent life-threatening emergencies that require timely intervention. For each disease, we review the clinical features, epidemiology and the current understanding of their pathophysiology. We then review the primary pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to the management of each form of acute altitude illness and provide practical recommendations for both prevention and treatment. The essential principles for advising travellers prior to high-altitude exposure are summarized. Key Words: Acute Mountain Sickness, High Altitude Cerebral Edema, High Altitude Pulmonary Edema, Hypoxia

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