Arsenic and lead concentrations in the Pond Creek and Fire Clay coal beds, eastern Kentucky coal field

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Hower ◽  
J. David Robertson ◽  
Amy S. Wong ◽  
Cortland F. Eble ◽  
Leslie F. Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Coal Field ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
Coal Beds ◽  
Fire Clay

Paleoecology of the Fire Clay coal bed in a portion of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field

1994 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cortland F. Eble ◽  
James C. Hower ◽  
William M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Coal Bed ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
Fire Clay

scholarly journals Nano-Scale Rare Earth Distribution in Fly Ash Derived from the Combustion of the Fire Clay Coal, Kentucky

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hower ◽  
Dali Qian ◽  
Nicolas Briot ◽  
Eduardo Santillan-Jimenez ◽  
Madison Hood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Fire Clay

Fly ash from the combustion of eastern Kentucky Fire Clay coal in a southeastern United States pulverized-coal power plant was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). TEM combined with elemental analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that rare earth elements (REE; specifically, La, Ce, Nd, Pr, and Sm) were distributed within glassy particles. In certain cases, the REE were accompanied by phosphorous, suggesting a monazite or similar mineral form. However, the electron diffraction patterns of apparent phosphate minerals were not definitive, and P-lean regions of the glass consisted of amorphous phases. Therefore, the distribution of the REE in the fly ash seemed to be in the form of TEM-visible nano-scale crystalline minerals, with additional distributions corresponding to overlapping ultra-fine minerals and even true atomic dispersion within the fly ash glass.

VI. On the structure of certain limestone nodules enclosed in seams of bituminous coal, with a description of some trigonocarpons contained in them

1855 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Horizontal Layer ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
Thin Seam ◽  
Fire Clay

The specimens of plants which we are about to describe were found imbedded in nodules of limestone, enclosed in a thin seam of bituminous coal not above 6 inches thick, in the lower part of the Lancashire coal-field. Their relative position is best understood from the following section (in a descending order). 1. Black shales containing Avicula papyracea, Goniatites Listen, Orthoceras attenuatum and other Mollusca, apparently of marine origin. 2. Bituminous coal enclosing a horizontal layer of limestone nodules containing fossil vegetable remains. 3. Fire-clay full of Stigmaria ficoides . The roof of the seam is also full of fossil shells, and those in the shales lie in immediate contact with the bituminous coal.

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