Isobutane alkylation with C4 olefins on a sulfonic solid acid catalyst system based on laminar clays

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E Ramos-Galván ◽  
J.M Domı́nguez ◽  
G Sandoval-Robles ◽  
A Mantilla ◽  
G Ferrat
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Isobutane Alkylation

scholarly journals Sintesis silika tersulfonasi dari waterglass dengan templat PEG sebagai katalis asam padat dalam pembuatan pelumas dari minyak nabati Synthesis of sulfonated silica from waterglass with PEG template as solid acid catalyst in the production of lubricant from vegetable oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri WAHYUNI ◽  
Heru SETYAWA
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Template Process ◽  
Homogeneous Acid

AbstractThe use of a catalyst in the manufacture of lubricantscome through many developments, from a homogeneousbase catalysts, homogeneous acid catalyst to hetero-geneous solid catalyst system (heterogenous catalyst). Oneexample of heterogeneous catalyst base material is silica.The purpose of this research was to study the graftingmethod of sulfonic group on silica from waterglass withPEG (polyethylene glycol) template as solid acid catalystand to analyze the effect of PEG concentration on ioniccapacity. Silica sol was produced by addition of PEG andHCl into waterglass. The PEG template was separated bytwo different methods; solvothermal extraction andcalcinations process. The following step was graftingprocess of the sulfonate into the silica powder, and dryingthe silica sulfonate in certain temperature. The driedsulfonated silica particles were characterized for theirpore size by BET method, the functional group by FTIR(Fourier Transform Infra Red) test, and the ionic capacityby titrimetry analysis. The result showed that the separatedPEG template process with calcinations method gave abetter result than the solvothermal extraction methodbased on the amount of PEG that disappear. While fromBET result showed that the calcinations process producedsmaller surface area pore than the extraction solvothermalprocess. The effect of the concentration of PEG template,showed that the surface area mostly decreased with theaddition of the PEG template concentration and increasedagain at 0.0178 g/mL. The biggest ionic capacity at 12,603mmol eq/g silica was obtained from solvothermal method.AbstrakPenggunaan katalis dalam pembuatan pelumas me-ngalami banyak perkembangan, dari katalis homogenbasa, katalis homogen asam hingga dikembangkanpenggunaan katalis padat sistem heterogen (heterogenouscatalyst). Salah satu contoh bahan dasar dari katalisheterogen ini adalah silika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmempelajari teknik pencangkokan gugus sulfonat pada silika dari waterglass dengan templat PEG (polyethyleneglycol) sebagai katalis asam padat dan menganalisapengaruh konsentrasi templat terhadap kapasitas ion. Solsilika dibuat dengan menambahkan PEG dan HCl kedalam waterglass. Templat PEG dihilangkan dengan duacara yang berbeda yaitu ekstraksi solvothermal dankalsinasi. Proses selanjutnya adalah pencangkokansulfonat pada serbuk silica dan silika tersulfonasi padasuhu tertentu. Partikel silika tersulfonasi yang telah keringdikarakterisasi ukuran porinya dengan metode BET,gugus fungsi dengan uji FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed), dan kapasitas ionik dengan analisis titrimetri. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode kalsinasi ternyatadapat menghilangkan senyawa PEG lebih baik di-bandingkan dengan metode ekstraksi solvothermal, tetapiberdasarkan hasil BET, penghilangan templat melaluiproses kalsinasi menghasilkan luas permukaan yang lebihkecil jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum templatdihilangkan, sedangkan ekstraksi solvothermal meng-hasilkan luas permukaan silika yang lebih besar. Untukpengaruh konsentrasi templat PEG, didapatkan hasilbahwa luas permukaan partikel silika cenderung turundengan penambahan templat dan naik kembali padakonsentrasi 0,0178 g/mL. Kapasitas ionik terbesar di-dapat pada silika dengan metode solvothermal yaitusebesar 12,603 mmol/g silika.

Ultrasound-Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Enhanced Conversion of the Sugary Food Waste to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Ionic Liquid/Solid Acid Catalyst System

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1373-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Ji ◽  
Xiaojie Yu ◽  
Abu El-Gasim A. Yagoub ◽  
Mo Li ◽  
Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Ionic Liquid Pretreatment

scholarly journals Sintesis silika tersulfonasi dari waterglass dengan templat PEG sebagai katalis asam padat dalam pembuatan pelumas dari minyak nabati Synthesis of sulfonated silica from waterglass with PEG template as solid acid catalyst in the production of lubricant from vegetable oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri WAHYUNI ◽  
Heru SETYAWA
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Template Process ◽  
Homogeneous Acid

AbstractThe use of a catalyst in the manufacture of lubricantscome through many developments, from a homogeneousbase catalysts, homogeneous acid catalyst to hetero-geneous solid catalyst system (heterogenous catalyst). Oneexample of heterogeneous catalyst base material is silica.The purpose of this research was to study the graftingmethod of sulfonic group on silica from waterglass withPEG (polyethylene glycol) template as solid acid catalystand to analyze the effect of PEG concentration on ioniccapacity. Silica sol was produced by addition of PEG andHCl into waterglass. The PEG template was separated bytwo different methods; solvothermal extraction andcalcinations process. The following step was graftingprocess of the sulfonate into the silica powder, and dryingthe silica sulfonate in certain temperature. The driedsulfonated silica particles were characterized for theirpore size by BET method, the functional group by FTIR(Fourier Transform Infra Red) test, and the ionic capacityby titrimetry analysis. The result showed that the separatedPEG template process with calcinations method gave abetter result than the solvothermal extraction methodbased on the amount of PEG that disappear. While fromBET result showed that the calcinations process producedsmaller surface area pore than the extraction solvothermalprocess. The effect of the concentration of PEG template,showed that the surface area mostly decreased with theaddition of the PEG template concentration and increasedagain at 0.0178 g/mL. The biggest ionic capacity at 12,603mmol eq/g silica was obtained from solvothermal method.AbstrakPenggunaan katalis dalam pembuatan pelumas me-ngalami banyak perkembangan, dari katalis homogenbasa, katalis homogen asam hingga dikembangkanpenggunaan katalis padat sistem heterogen (heterogenouscatalyst). Salah satu contoh bahan dasar dari katalisheterogen ini adalah silika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmempelajari teknik pencangkokan gugus sulfonat pada silika dari waterglass dengan templat PEG (polyethyleneglycol) sebagai katalis asam padat dan menganalisapengaruh konsentrasi templat terhadap kapasitas ion. Solsilika dibuat dengan menambahkan PEG dan HCl kedalam waterglass. Templat PEG dihilangkan dengan duacara yang berbeda yaitu ekstraksi solvothermal dankalsinasi. Proses selanjutnya adalah pencangkokansulfonat pada serbuk silica dan silika tersulfonasi padasuhu tertentu. Partikel silika tersulfonasi yang telah keringdikarakterisasi ukuran porinya dengan metode BET,gugus fungsi dengan uji FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed), dan kapasitas ionik dengan analisis titrimetri. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode kalsinasi ternyatadapat menghilangkan senyawa PEG lebih baik di-bandingkan dengan metode ekstraksi solvothermal, tetapiberdasarkan hasil BET, penghilangan templat melaluiproses kalsinasi menghasilkan luas permukaan yang lebihkecil jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum templatdihilangkan, sedangkan ekstraksi solvothermal meng-hasilkan luas permukaan silika yang lebih besar. Untukpengaruh konsentrasi templat PEG, didapatkan hasilbahwa luas permukaan partikel silika cenderung turundengan penambahan templat dan naik kembali padakonsentrasi 0,0178 g/mL. Kapasitas ionik terbesar di-dapat pada silika dengan metode solvothermal yaitusebesar 12,603 mmol/g silika.

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Production of cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a solid acid catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 14071-14078
Author(s):  
Xi-Que Wu ◽  
Pan-Dao Liu ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Shu-Ying Xu ◽  
Yu-Cang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
New Strategy

A new strategy was developed to produce cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a recyclable solid acid catalyst with assistance of ultrasonic disintegration and a suction filtration film forming method.

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