The second-best use of social cost estimates

When consumers or firms don’t face the true social cost of their actions, market outcomes are inefficient. In the case of negative externalities, Pigouvian taxes are one way to correct this market failure, but it may be infeasible to tax the externality directly. The alternative, taxing a related product, will be second-best. In this paper, we show that in the presence of heterogeneous externalities and elasticities, this type of indirect tax performs poorly. In our empirical application, gasoline taxes to address pollution externalities, less than a third of the deadweight loss of the externality is addressed by second-best optimal taxes. (JEL D62, H21, H23, H71, H76, Q53, R48)

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Evaluation of resource impact factors versus social cost estimates in determining building energy performance standard levels

10.2172/5584354 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

L.A. Nieves ◽

R.J. Nesse ◽

R.C. Adams ◽

C.L. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Social Cost ◽

Building Energy ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Performance Standard ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Cost Estimates ◽

Building Energy Performance

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Government Prevention Policy and the Relevance of Social Cost Estimates

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01502.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 461-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

ADAM WAGSTAFF

Keyword(s):

Social Cost ◽

Prevention Policy ◽

Cost Estimates

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Uses and Meanings of Full Social Cost Estimates

The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-59064-1_4 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 113-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Douglass B. Lee

Keyword(s):

Social Cost ◽

Cost Estimates

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Working With Interpreters to Support Students Who Are English Language Learners

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp1.sig16.15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (16) ◽

pp. 15-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henriette W. Langdon ◽

Terry Irvine Saenz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

English Language Learners ◽

Language Learners ◽

English Language ◽

First Language ◽

The United States ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Language ◽

Second Best ◽

Support Students

The number of English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing in all regions of the United States. Although the majority (71%) speak Spanish as their first language, the other 29% may speak one of as many as 100 or more different languages. In spite of an increasing number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who can provide bilingual services, the likelihood of a match between a given student's primary language and an SLP's is rather minimal. The second best option is to work with a trained language interpreter in the student's language. However, very frequently, this interpreter may be bilingual but not trained to do the job.

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