P.345 Interruption of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a recombiant yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine - 9 years of follow-up

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. S167
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
R. Li ◽  
J. Yang ◽  
C. Li ◽  
G. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Is it Safe for a Mother Infected with Hepatitis B Virus to Breastfeed Her Baby?

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
ASM Nawshad Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World

One third of the world’s population has been infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), causing an enormous burden of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contact with blood and blood products, by sexual contact, through close contact between children (horizontal transmission), or by perinatal transmission from a carrier mother to her baby. In Asia, perinatal transmission is the major mode of transmission and those who become infected perinatally with HBV are most likely to develop chronic infection. The question of whether breastfeeding by HBV-positive mothers is an additional mechanism by which infants may acquire HBV infection, has been asked for many years. Although small amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been detected in some samples of breast milk, there is no evidence that breastfeeding by HBV-carrier mothers increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Infants born to known hepatitis B positive women should receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine, effectively eliminating any theoretical risk of transmission through breastfeeding. However, neither screening of pregnant women for HBV infection nor use of HBIG is feasible in most developing countries. Routine immunization of infants with hepatitis B vaccine is therefore recommended by the World Health Organization. Bangladesh has already included hepatitis B vaccine as part of routine childhood immunization in EPI program since 2003. Also the risk must be balanced against the increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition and diarrheal or other infectious diseases associated with replacement feeding. Malnutrition is responsible, directly or indirectly, for 6.5 million under 5 deaths annually. Thus, even where HBV infection is highly endemic and immunization against HBV is not available, breastfeeding remains the recommended method of feeding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i1.10369 BJCH 2011; 35(1): 20-25

scholarly journals Effectiveness of genotype C-derived hepatitis B vaccine in preventing perinatal transmission in children born to hepatitis B virus carrier mothers infected with genotype A

Kanzo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 675-677
Author(s):  
Haruki Komatsu ◽  
Kentaro Iwasawa ◽  
Ayano Inui ◽  
Tomoyuki Tsunoda ◽  
Shuichiro Umetsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Carrier ◽  
Genotype C ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Virus Carrier

Increased Protection of Earlier Use of Immunoprophylaxis in Preventing Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Huang ◽  
Chenyu Xu ◽  
Lanhua Liu ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Immunoprophylaxis Failure

Abstract Background Passive-active immunoprophylaxis against mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) recommends administering hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine in infants within 12 or 24 hours after birth. With this protocol, MTCT of HBV still occurs in 5–10% infants of HBV-infected mothers with positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). The present study aimed to investigate whether earlier administration of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine after birth can further increase protection efficacy. Methods We conducted a prospective, multi-center observational study in infants born to mothers with HBV infection, in whom neonatal HBIG and birth dose hepatitis B vaccine were administered within one hour after birth. The infants were followed up for HBV markers at 7–14 months of age. Results A total of 1140 pregnant women with HBV were enrolled, and 982 infants (9 twins) of 973 mothers were followed up at 9.6 ± 1.9 months of age. HBIG and birth-dose vaccine were administered in newborn infants within a median of 0.17 (0.02–1.0) hours after birth. The overall rate of MTCT was 0.9% (9/982), with none (0%) of the 607 infants of HBeAg-negative mothers and 9 (2.4%) of 375 infants of HBeAg-positive mothers acquiring HBV. All 9 HBV-infected infants were born to mothers with HBV DNA >2.75 × 106 IU/mL. Maternal HBV DNA levels >2 × 106 IU/mL were an independent risk factor (odds ratio, 10.627; 95% confidence interval, 2.135–∞) for immunoprophylaxis failure. Conclusions Earlier use (within 1 hour after birth) of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine can provide better protection efficacy against MTCT of HBV.

scholarly journals Successful vaccination with intradermal hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients previously nonresponsive to intramuscular hepatitis B vaccine.

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1930-1934
Author(s):  
N M Waite ◽  
L G Thomson ◽  
M B Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Seventy-seven chronic hemodialysis patients were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus with an intramuscular (im) hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), 40 micrograms at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months. Fifty-seven patients (74%) developed antibodies (anti-HBs). The im-responsive patients were significantly younger than the nonresponsive patients (P < 0.05). Nineteen of the 20 im nonresponders received HBV intradermally (id), 5 micrograms every 2 wk until anti-HBs developed; the 20th patient died before receiving the id vaccine. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Fifteen (94%) of the 16 developed anti-HBs after 5.2 +/- 4.7 months. The peak anti-HBs titers were 726 +/- 426 (im) and 211 +/- 260 (id) IU/L (P < 0.05). Twelve (21%) of the 57 im-responsive patients and 8 (53%) of the 15 id-responsive patients had anti-HBs less than 20 IU/L at 18 and 8 months postvaccination, respectively (P < 0.05). Further preliminary data indicate that more prolonged id vaccination can increase both the titer and the duration of anti-HBs in im-nonresponsive patients.

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