Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Great Britain and Ireland: British Paediatric Surveillance Unit Surveys, 1993–94 and 2001–02

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
J. Neu
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Surveillance Unit

scholarly journals Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Australian infants 1993–2017: an Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit study

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Zurynski ◽  
Cameron J Grover ◽  
Bin Jalaludin ◽  
Elizabeth J Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Parental Refusal ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Surveillance Unit ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

ObjectiveTo undertake surveillance of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in Australia from 1993 to 2017, during a time of change to national recommendations and available vitamin K formulations.MethodsPaediatricians reported cases of VKDB in infants aged <6 months and provided demographic, clinical and biochemical information via the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit.Results58 cases were reported, of which 5 (9%) were early, 11 (19%) classic and 42 (72%) late VKDB. 53 (91%) were exclusively breast fed. Seven (12%) received oral prophylaxis, the majority (86%) of whom did not receive all three recommended doses. The overall reported incidence was 0.84 per 100 000 live births (95% CI: 0.64 to 1.08) and the incidence of late VKDB was 0.61 per 100 000 live births (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.82), which are similar to rates reported by other countries where intramuscular vitamin K is recommended. VKDB rates were significantly higher (2.46 per 100 000 live births; 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.85) between 1993 and March 1994 when oral prophylaxis was recommended (p<0.05). Vitamin K was not given to 33 (57%) cases, primarily due to parental refusal, and the number of parental refusals increased significantly after 2006 (p<0.05). There were six deaths, all due to intracranial haemorrhage, and three associated with home delivery and parental refusal of vitamin K.ConclusionsIncidence rates of VKDB in Australia are among the lowest in the world; however, we have identified an increasing trend of parental refusal. Ongoing surveillance and educational campaigns for health professionals and parents are needed to prevent VKDB.

scholarly journals Intracranial Hemorrhage Caused by Vitamin K Deficiency Beyond Neonatal Period

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Adhikari ◽  
Eva Gauchan ◽  
Tejesh Malla ◽  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Kalipatanam Seshagiri Rao
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ◽  
Vitamin K Prophylaxis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Intracranial Bleed ◽  
K Deficiency

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) can manifest as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and is still prevalent in poor resource countries. Infants aged one to twelve months with the diagnosis of ICH from 1st July 2011 to 30th June 2016 were included. There were 16 cases of ICH attributed to vitamin K deficiency. Clinical presentations were anemia16 (100%), bulged fontanel 13(81.3%), seizures 10(62.5%), vomiting 8(50%) and fever 9(56.3%). Mean INR at admission was 8.575±7.267 and 1.868±0.838 after three doses of vitamin K administration. Sites of intracranial bleed were parenchymal 5(31.3%), subdural 4(25%), extradural 2(12.5%), ventricular 2(12.5%). In 3(18.8%) of cases bleeding was more extensive involving more than one site. Mortality was 4(25%) and 3(18.8%) had abnormal neurological findings at discharge. There is an urgent need for national policy for vitamin K prophylaxis at birth.

scholarly journals Vitamin K prophylaxis for prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. S29-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Sankar ◽  
A Chandrasekaran ◽  
P Kumar ◽  
A Thukral ◽  
R Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ◽  
Vitamin K Prophylaxis ◽  
K Deficiency

scholarly journals Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Infancy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Araki ◽  
Akira Shirahata
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ◽  
K Deficiency

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of few coagulation factors. Infants can easily develop vitamin K deficiency owing to poor placental transfer, low vitamin K content in breast milk, and poor intestinal absorption due to immature gut flora and malabsorption. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in infancy is classified according to the time of presentation: early (within 24 h), classic (within 1 week after birth), and late (between 2 week and 6 months of age). VKDB in infancy, particularly late-onset VKDB, can be life-threatening. Therefore, all infants, including newborn infants, should receive vitamin K prophylaxis. Exclusive breastfeeding and cholestasis are closely associated with this deficiency and result in late-onset VKDB. Intramuscular prophylactic injections reduce the incidence of early-onset, classic, and late-onset VKDB. However, the prophylaxis strategy has recently been inclined toward oral administration because it is easier, safer, and cheaper to administer than intramuscular injection. Several epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin K oral administration is effective in the prevention of VKDB in infancy; however, the success of oral prophylaxis depends on the protocol regimen and parent compliance. Further national surveillance and studies are warranted to reveal the optimal prophylaxis regimen in term and preterm infants.

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